version of 9 Summers 10 Autumns written by Iwan Setyawan is used as the source text. It was published on February 2011. Meanwhile, the English version that has
been translated by Maggie Tiojakin as the target text was published on October 2011. This novel became a national best seller and best fiction book in Jakarta Book Award
2011.To analyze this research, the researcher focuses on figurative language expressed in Indonesian version and its translation in English which is related to the
translation techniques and the degree of equivalence.
C. Research Instrument
To analyze this research, there were two instruments involved. First, the researcher was the main instrument. According to Moloeng 2010: 168, the roles of
the researcher are the planner, the collector of data, the analyst of data and the reporter of the data and findings. The other instrument used by the researcher is data
sheet. It is used to classify the data which are the types of figurative language, translation techniques and degree of equivalences. Besides, it helps the researcher
describe each objective in the discussion.
D. Technique of Collecting Data
In order to collect and analyze the data, there were several steps done by the researcher, i.e.
1. reading 9 Summers 10 Autumns novel and its translation,
2. selecting the expression employing figurative language in both novels,
3. transferring the data into the data sheet,
4. classifying, analyzing and assessing the data that are divided into three categories,
i.e. types of figurative language, translation techniques and degree of equivalence, 5.
coding the data to make the analysis easier, and 6.
presenting the result. To analyze the data, coding was needed by the researcher. It aimed to help the
researcher explain the data. The following coding is used. Datum number 1: 001Sn-SnLTFE
The example above shows that the datum number 1 involving Source Text categorized as synecdoche and Target Text categorized Synecdoche with Literal
Translation as the translation technique used and having Fully equivalent expression as the degree of equivalence.
Below is the further explanation of abbreviation used in the data coding. 001
: number of the datum SE
: source expression TE
: target expression Si
: simile Mt
: metaphor Pe
: personification Hy
: hyperbole Li
: litotes Mn
: metonymy Sn
: synecdoche Ad
: adaptation Br
: borrowing Ca
: calque Cn
: compensation Co
: compression Eq
: equivalence
Ex : explicitation
Gn : generalization
LT : literal translation
Md : modulation
Pr : particularization
Su : substitution linguistic-
paralinguistic Tr
: transposition Vr
: variation FE
: fully equivalent expression PE
: partly equivalent expression N
: non equivalent U
: unrealized expression
E. Technique of Analyzing Data
Since the research was undertaken qualitative method, the researcher described and interpreted the data by giving descriptive analysis. In order to analyze
the data, some steps were conducted. The first step was to describe the types of figurative language applied i
n Iwan Setyawan’s 9 Summers 10 Autumns. Then, the figurative language appearing was adjustedinto the types which are related to the
theory of figurative langugae. The next step was to determine the translation techniques used in the translation of figurative language. It aimed to relate what
techniques used to translate figurative language in the data findings. Lastly, to find out the quality of translation product in terms of equivalence degree, parameter
equivalence was used. In order to support and facilitate the process of analyzing data, this research
used a table to categorize the data. The following is the table.
Table 2. Table of the Data Analysis of Figurative Language in Iwan Setyawan’s 9
Summers 10 Autumns Novel
Code
SETE Types of Figurative
Language Translation Techniques
Degree of Equivalence
Si Mt
Pe Hy
Li Mn
Sn Ad
Br Ca
Cn Co
De Eq
Ex Gn
LT Md
Pr Su
TR Vr
FE PE
N U
002 Si
-S i
Ex Pe
SE: “Kedua
kakiku seakan kehilangan
tulang penyangganya.
”
TE: “My feet
seem to have lost their stance
and are weak from fear.
”
F. Trustworthiness
