C. Analytical Construct
This research aims to discuss how figurative language in a novel is translated. To get further analysis, it focuses on analyzing the types of figurative language applied in 9
Summers 10 Autumns and its translation, the translation techniques used in the translated novel and the equivalence of the translation product in terms of meaning and style.
Figure 1
.
Analytical Construct Source Text
Target Text
Translation of Figurative Language Figurative Language
Literature
Translation Techniques
1. Adaptation
2. Borrowing
3. Calque
4. Compensation
5. Compression
6. Description
7. Equivalence
8. Explicitation
9. Generalization
10. Literal Translation
11. Modulation
12. Particularization
13. Substitution
Linguistic- Paralinguistic
14. Transposition
15. Variation
16. Mixed Translation
Techniques
Degree of Equivalence
1. Fully
Equivalent Expression
2. Partly
Equivalent Expression
3. Non-
Equivalent Expression
4. Unrealized
Expression
Types of Figurative
Language
1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Personification
4. Hyperbole
5. Litotes
6. Metonymy
7. Synecdoche
Aesthetic-poetic Translation
Literature 9 Summers 10
Autumns Indonesian Novel
9 Summers 10 Autumns English
Novel
Translation
44
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research
In this study, the type of study used by the researcher is qualitative method. It produces narrative or textual descriptions of the phenomena under study
Vanderstoep and Johnston, 2009: 7. It aims to describe the phenomena of translating figurative language in the research according to the data findings that are
found by the researcher. They also stated that qualitative research is the instrument to observe about social problem and culture. Related to the definition and the aim of
qualitative method, this research aims to describe, to discuss, and to assess the findings. Although this research presents frequencies and percentages, those merely
help the researcher describe the data findings related to the types of figurative language used by the author, the translation techniques applied by the translator and
the degree of equivalence achieved by the translated figurative language in terms of meaning and style. Then, the frequencies and percentages are used to draw
conclusions of the research.
B. Data and Data Sources
There are two data sources to analyze the translation of the figurative language which are applied in Indonesian and English versions. The Indonesian
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