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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A. Literature Review
1. Notions of Translation
Translation is such a communication in writing by providing another language or transferring source language into target language in different language as what
language used by target readers is. Sometimes, translation is applied to translate different language or same language which has the same purpose. It aims to deliver
messages, ideas or opinions to target readers. Generally, translation is a process of translating words or text from one language into another language Oxford English
Dictionary . To emphasize the definition of translation, some experts’ opinions are
presented chronologically in this research. Based on Catford
’s definition 1965 in Machali 2009:25, it is stated that translation is the replacement of textual material in one language SL by regarding
the equivalence of textual material in another language TL. His opinion is strengthened by Bell’s argument. Bell 1991:5 stated that in translating one language
target language into another language source language, the semantic and stylistics need to be perceived in order to achieve the equivalence degree. Both experts have
similar ideas in defining translation. It is a process of replacing the ideas stated in source language or text by preserving the equivalence in terms of meaning and style
in target language or text.
In addition, Munday 2001:5 discerns translation as field of study, process and product. However, he tended to give further definition related to the process and
product. Translation is called as a process in which the existence of an agent replaces source text into target text. Then, the target text is called as a product of translating. It
can be considered that translation activity cannot be separated from the agent who translates a text. The agent is called as a translator.
In short, translation is an activity to transfer messages or ideas from one language to another language in written form. In translating, the translator has to
understand the context so that the messages and ideas from source text can be delivered well to the target readers. To be faithful is the main key to translate a text
because a target text can not be betrayed. It aims to keep the quality of translation product. Hence, it can be trusted by target readers.
2. Types of Translation
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