The other example is taken from datum 108Mt--ExPE. The underlined expression in the source text can be translated into ‘I kept sailing’. However, in the
target text, this sentence is explicitly translated into ‘I kept going through life’. Those sentences have the same meaning which means that the speaker kept his life to
balance his life. There is comparison between lives and sailing which our life is like sailing. We have to keep moving to achieve our future.
SE :Beberapa pohon bahkan telah telanjang, kehilangan semua daunnya.
TE : And other trees have lost all its leaves, naked amidst the howling mind.
Datum No.228: 228Pe-PeExPE In accordance with Guerra’s statement that explicitation is similar to
amplification or adding information in the target text. The example above is categorized by explicitaion since the translator gives additional information. In the
target text, the translator tends to emphasize the situation of the story by adding ‘…amidst the howling mind’. Meanwhile, it is not mentioned in the source text.
Thus, the use of explicitation can give more detail information to the target readers without interrupting the message of the source text.
e. Generalization
Generalization is the translation technique used to generalize the words. According to the data findings, there are two data found or 0.78. Both data provide
partly equivalent as the quality of translation product in terms of the degree of
equivalence. Besides, they come from the same type of figurative language which is metonymy. To give deep explanation, the examples are available below.
SE :
“Keduanya tidak pernah duduk di bangku sekolah.” TE
: “The two had never gone to school.”
Datum No.26: 026Mn--GnPE The underlined phrase of the source text which is ‘bangku sekolah’ is
associated with school. If the phrase is translated literally, the style will not be delivered well to the target readers. Furthermore, generalization is chosen to translate
this phrase which is from ‘bangku sekolah’ into ‘school’.Beside, the translated word is more acceptable for the target readers.
SE :Berbeda dengan Mas Mul, Daus adalah anak muda yang baru saja
melepas seragam putih abu-abunya. TE
: Unlike Mas Mul, Daus was a young boy who had only recently stopped wearing his high school uniform.
Datum No.204: 204Mn--GnPE In this example, generalization is also applied to translate metonymy as same
as the previous example. The underlined phrase of the source text is related to the uniform. Commonly, Indonesian call uniform of high s
chool student as ‘seragam putih abu-abunya
’ or ‘uniform in white and grey’. However, the target readers do not know this term. Thus, it is translated generally into ‘his high school uniform’ which is
more common to the target readers.
f. Literal Translation
According to the data findings, literal translation is the most frequent data used to translate figurative language. Out of 258 data, literal translation appears 123
times or 47.67 which provide fully equivalent expression as the result of the quality of translation product. In other words, literal translation is the most effective way to
translate figurative language because it can perceive the meaning and style of it. Below are the examples and deep explanation of literal translation.
SE :
“Tak ada yang bisa memberi warna lebih dalam hidupku, selain saudara- saudaraku tercinta
.” TE
: “No one can give my life any more color than my beloved siblings.”
Datum No.49: 49Hy-HyLTFE In the example above, literal translation is applied to translate hyperbole. In
order to perceive the meaning and style of the source text, literal translation is applied. The speaker says that there is no one can give more color to his life than his
siblings. In other words, this statement means that his siblings are priceless than anything. Thus, to perceive the meaning and style of the source text, it is translated
literally. SE
:Lift terbuka, seperti hatiku saat itu. TE
: The elevator opens, just as my heart does. Datum No.122: 122Si-SiLTFE
The other type of figurative language, simile, is also translated using literal translation. The example above shows that the speaker compares between elevator
and his heart. By using explicit comparison ‘seperti’, it contains simile. He tries to
express that the way of his heart opens is similar to the elevator.
SE :Dan ketika air mataku jatuh di atas kertas surat, aku merasa Ibu
membasuh wajahku, membelai rambutku. TE
: And when a tear dropped onto the pages of the letter, I felt my mother touching my face, stroking my hair.
Datum No.143: 143Si-SiLTFE The last example of literal translation is taken form datum 143Si-SiLTFE.
This example is categorized as simile because of the comparison between two different situations. The speaker compares the situation where his tears drop; he feels
like his mother touches his face. The atmosphere of the source text shows the speaker’s longing to his mother. Without alleviating the style and meaning of the
source text, literal translation is the best way to translate this statement.
g. Modulation
