The onomatopoeic expressions found outside the balloon

Based on the origin of language, this onomatopoeic expression could be included into Yo-He-Ho Theory. Chrystal 1987 said that when people get a command-sound they will do strong body movement and automatically produce rythymical yells. In this expression, it does not mean that somebody is commanded to do something so that they produce some yells, but in this case, the character has intention to call a horse, and by that making a sound of “fweet” in order to make the horse come to him. Picture OB44- OB46 page 4 “The Billionaire of Dismal Downs” Further data are expressions splat, splook, and splut. They are considered as onomatopoeia due to the same placement of the two words splut and splook with onomatopoeic expression splat. The meaning of splat based on Longman Dictionary is a noise like something wet hitting a surface and being flattened. This meaning is true if it is matched up with the picture. Something wet that hits a surface is tomato. In that picture, the words splook and splut are written together with splat. These words can be called as synonyms, because they have the same meaning, even when the other words splut and splook could not be found in the dictionaries. The phonetic transcription or expressions “splut” and “splook” are also predicted due to the reason that those words were not found in the dictionaries. The same reason for the word “splook” that has double vowel of „o‟, the phonetic transcription of its word would be splu:k. As what happen to the words “glut” which is pronounced as gl Ʌ t and “clut” which is pronounced as klɅ t, the word “splut” was decided to be pronounced as splɅ t. Those expressions can be included into Direct Onomatopoeia since the sound similar to the word that denotes. Those are some onomatopoeia expression found in the The Life and Times of Scrooge Mcduck. There were also some expressions that were not categorized as onomatopoeia. They were „rustle‟, „punch‟, and „ranch‟. Even when they had the characteristic of onomatopoeia, as what Chrystal said, when if in their final syllable is –tl or -tʃ , they can be categorized as onomatopoeia, but they were not. This is due to the definition in the dictionary. The word „rustle‟ means to steal a horse or cattle that are left loose in open country‟. Next is „punch‟, it means to move cattle from one place to another‟, while „ranch‟ is a very large farm where sheep, cattle, horses are bred. Even though they have characteristic of onomatopoeia, for example categorized to have Yo He Ho theory saying the words resulted from human physical effort, but they were not, because they were not made for or to be a sound that is imitated. That is why a definition is one of the important parts in understanding whether some words are onomatopoeiea or not. Therefore, following is the result of onomatopoeia types that has been analysed. Code Data Onomatopoeia Type Direct Associative Exemplary OB01 Oof v OB02 Crack v OB03 Crash v OB04 Clink v OB05 Psst v OB06 Arooo v OB08 Creak v OB10 Click v OB11 Crash v OB16 Hssss v OB17 Boom v OB18 Bang v OB20 Wak v OB27 Click v OB28 Zap v OB30 Clang v OB36 Pop v OB37 Pffft v OB38 Knock v OB39 Fweet v OB40 Twang v OB41 Bam v OB44 Splat v OB45 Splook v OB46 Splut v OB47 Pip v IB01 Crack v IB02 Yipes v IB03 Puff v IB04 Yee Haw v IB05 Grrr v IB08 Bah v IB09 Meow v IB10 Buzz v IB11 Tsk v IB12 Brrr v IB13 Oh v IB14 Boo v IB15 Hisss v IB16 Tweet v OB07 Slap v OB09 Swish v OB12 Splash v OB13 Chug v OB14 Splat v OB15 Slurp v OB19 Whack v OB21 Klonk v OB22 Floop v OB23 Blurp v OB24 Snort v OB29 Zow v OB31 Rumble v OB42 Thud v OB43 Smack v IB07 Sniff v OB25 Vuhroom v OB26 Whoosh v OB32 Crack a boom v OB33 Tippitty-tippitty- tip v OB34 Waaueegah v OB35 Sizzle v IB06 Raargh v Total 40 16 7 Table of types of onomatopoeia The table above shows the result of the types from each onomatopoeia found, both of inside and outside the balloons. There are 40 data of Direct onomatopoeia, there are 16 data Associative onomatopoeia, and the rest belongs to Exemplary onomatopoeia.

2. The strategies applied to translate the onomatopoeic expressions

In this part, the discussion is to answer the second problem, which says, “What are the strategies used by the translator in translating the onomatopoeic expressions?” Before it comes to the strategies that were used in translating the expressions, it is good to be reminded that onomatopoeia is usually a word or phrase. Due to that reason, translation strategy that would be appropriate was word-for-word. If it could be taken further, the strategy of translation should be analyzed well. However, another theory arose. Jean Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet said, oblique translation is another term for free translation where the translator exercises hisher freedom to attain equivalence. And it is said that in one of this procedure, technique to translate onomatopoeia is equivalence. This technique of translation was used in this study. Hence, if word for word was the strategy used, equivalence is the technique in translating onomatopoeia expressions. As the writer went to word for word strategy, dictionaries were prepared to find each expression of onomatopoeia in order to find out the meaning. Considering to the onomatopoeic expressions that can be found and cannot be found in the dictionaries, the writer made a categorization as what Taylor has said that if the definition on each word or expression could be found in the dictionaries, it would be a lexical word; otherwise it would be a non lexical word. For the data found inside the balloon, there were 4 words of onomatopoeic expression that belong to non lexical word, and 12 lexical words. There were 32 data of onomatopoeic expression found outside the balloon that belong to lexical word, and 15 data of onomatopoeic expression found outside the balloon that belong to non lexical word. The following is the list of the onomatopoeic expressions whose definition in both of English and Indonesian could be found in the dictionary. No English Onomat opoiea Phonetic transcripti on English Meaning Translated Text Indonesian Meaning OB17 Boom bu:m A booming sound or cry. Boom A gun containing explosive material. OB18 Bang bæŋ A sudden loud noise. Dor A sound similar to a gun firing. OB39 Fweet fwi:t - Suit Whistling sound. OB43 Smack smæk A loud kiss. Cuup Kiss Table 4 Definition of onomatopoeic expression outside the balloon Paying attention to the meaning for each definition of the onomatopoeic expressions above, it can be found that they have the same characteristics that build the content of the meaning. For number OB17, the same characteristic is that they are homographs, „boom‟ for English, and also the same spelling for its Indonesian translation. Both of the definitions are showing the characteristic of boom as a noun. For OB43, there are also same characteristics that they both have. The important point in this onomatopoeic expression is that it is a sound of kissing. Indonesian people understand tha t the word „cup‟ is similar to the word „kecup‟ which means to make lips touch on surface of something. The word „smack‟ itself is the same with the meaning of its Indonesian definition. The explanation above is different from the word „bang‟ in OC18. Even when they do not have the same characteristic, but there are some keys that can be understood well. First, they both describe meaning of sound. Second, in Indonesian it tells about explosion, and as we know, an explosion makes the loud noise, and this is similar with the definition of its English onomatopoeic expression. The onomatopoeic expres sion found is „fweet‟ which is found outside the balloon. The character in the picture is calling the horse by whistling. In Indonesia, sound if whistling is „suit‟. Even when the onomatopoeic expression „fweet‟ is not found in the dictionary, the translator took a look at the picture and understood that it is imitation of whistling sound, in this case is to call a horse. The table presents some data found inside the balloon that are lexical words. No English Onomatop oeia Phonetic transcription English Meaning Translate d text IB01 Crack kræk A loud sharp sound Patah IB07 Sniff sn ɪ f An act or sound of sniffing. Endus IB16 Tweet twi:t To make the short weak high noise of a small bird Cit Table 6 definition of onomatopoeic exprressions found inside the balloon There are same characteristics in meaning for IB01. In English, the expression of „crack‟ is defined as to break without dividing into separate parts: split. On the Indonesian, it is translated into „patah‟ which defines as break, usually happens to hard and rigid things without separate one another. The difference is that its English is functioned as a verb, but in Indonesian, it is functioned as an adjective. For IB07, the difference in meaning is absent, both of them is a verb. They have the same characteristic in meaning that it is related to smell. Endus in Indonesian means to smell odor. Those are some of data in analysis of the meaning or definition related to the dictionaries. The word „tweet‟ in IB16 definitely has the same characteristics with its translation in Indonesian. They are the same that they denote sound. They are same because the sound they denote is sound of bird, especially small bird. This was also supported by the picture. Remember, the onomatopoeic expression would always be connected to the picture. Strategy word for word was applied in those all data above which are lexical words. It was proved that the onomatopoeic expressions were translated by checking the entry in the dictionaries. Besides, there are several words of onomatopoeia found inside the balloon whose its Indonesian cannot be found in the dictionaries. Here is the list of some data which its definition in Indonesian cannot be found. No English Onomato poeia Phonetic transcript ion English Definition Indonesian Onomatopoei a IB02 Yipes jaips An exclamation of surprise or shock Huaaa IB03 Puff p Ʌ f An act of puffing. Huff IB12 Brr br To complain about the cold Brrr IB13 Oh əʊ Expressing surprise, fear, joy, etc. Ooh Table 5 Definitions of onomatopoeic expressions inside the balloons