Onomatopoeic expressions found inside the balloons

horse. That becomes the reason why the writer chose onomatopoeia “yee haw” belonging to Yo-He-Ho theory. Onomatop oeia “yee haw” could be included to direct onomatopoeia. Even when it was not listed in the dictionary, this expression has been conventionalized because it has been known by people and they may use the word “yee haw” to represent the expression of cowboy riding a horse. Onomatopoeic words might be arisen as our creative use of language. Fromkin in his book, An Introduction to Language 1999, when comes to topic of onomatopoeia “To say that we are creative in our use of language means that language use is not limited to stimulus- response behavior.” Here is the example, when someone steps on our foot, we might automatically respond by screaming or groaning. That is one of the behaviors which happens as a respond of some kind of feelings or emotions. The third datum which is going to be analyzed is number IB08. The picture will be presented below this paragraph. As what has been explained previously, this onomatopoeic expression might not an imitation, but this expression is one of onomatopoeias which shows emotions or feelings. The picture below shows the expression of this kind of onomatopoeia. The word of expression is a word “bah.” Picture IB08 page 1 “Terror of the Transvaal” Datum IB08 shows feeling of dissatisfaction. The panels before the picture above tell that Scrooge Mcduck goes to a place in Transvaal to get gold. It can be seen then after Scrooge says, “Bah Too much hubbub Too many people I‟ll find a hole that big filled with gold. And all mine” The expression definitely shows dissatisfac tion due to what he has been saying after the expression “Bah” He said that that there are too many people. It is known that Scrooge wants to obtain much gold for him to get rich. In addition to the amount of people that come to that place, it makes him get less of the gold, which is why he feels disappointed. Based on the theory of origin, it is indeed included in The Pooh-pooh Theory, because the expression „bah‟ comes from dissatisfaction that reveals human emotion which is suitable with this theory. As said about the theory of origin, the writer then chose direct onomatopoeia as its type, because the sound of this word resembles to the word. This following datum is still an onomatopoeic expression which was found inside the balloon. Datum number IB09 shows the onomatopoeia about animal, in which, this expression is used for the sound of a cat. Actually, it can be seen through the conversation inside the balloon and the image where the balloon is pointed to the animal that the writer has said that is not a cat, but lion. The following is the picture from the Source Text comic. Picture IB09 page 7 “The Terror of the Transvaal” The picture above shows a lion with the balloon above his head written “Meow”. It is a common knowledge that the tiger‟s sound is not “meow”. We already know that “meow” is used for a cat‟s sound. It could be seen from the Longman Dictionary which says that meow is to make the crying sound a cat makes. The picture above is telling us that the lion becomes afraid or sad because its neck is tied by a rope from the duck, which is Scrooge McDuck. The Bow-wow theory is the most suitable theory for this kind of expressions. As David Crystal 1987 says, the bow wow theory is a speech arose through people imitating the sounds of the environment, especially animal calls. In this context, the animal sound which was being imitated is a cat. As seen in its origin of language, it can be concluded that the type of onomatopoeia of this expression is a direct onomatopoeia, since the word is a imitation of the sound of a cat. By reading the sentence after its expression, it is known that the conversation shows the feeling that is not good, which may be dissatisfaction, or feeling of anger. Even in that balloon, there is still one more onomatopoeic expressions, it is „hisss‟. Based on type of onomatopoeia, „hiss‟ is one of example of direct onomatopoeia because the sound it resembles is also the member of its class. The definition of „hiss‟ according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is a sound like long –s. In accordance to its definition which gives clue that is a sound, it is said as onomatopoeia. The expressions “boo” and “hisss” were taken from this sort of comic as what the writer has added below. It shows the conversation of the characters in the comic. The one that does the conversation containing the onomatopoeic expression „boo‟ and „hiss‟ is the one wearing a blue hat. Picture IB19 page 7 “The Billionaire of Dismal Down” The focus for the expression the writer means is in the word „boo‟. According to Longman Dictionary , „boo‟ means „a sound to make disapproval or contempt‟. For this dictionary meaning, the writer concludes it as one of examples of Direct Onomatopoeia because the sound of the word resembles the sound that it names. If we take a look at the origin of language, this onomatopoeic expression will be from The Pooh-pooh Theory which says that it comes from human emotion, which in this context is human emotion for feeling dissatisfied then showing disapproval. There are also some onomatopoeic expressions that are not found in the dictionary, but they were still translated into Indonesian, such as „yee haw‟ and „grrr‟. They are categorized as onomatopoeia because they denote the sound of showing mad for „grr‟ and the sound of cowboy riding a horse for „yee haw‟. As what the writer has written before, they can be called as conventionalized words, or the words that have been accepted and used by people.

b. The onomatopoeic expressions found outside the balloon

The following data was taken from the expressions written not inside the balloon, but the written text outside the balloon. One important thing to match the expressions was to pay attention at the pictures on the comic. It was because the expressions must be suitable with the context of the story described into the pictures. No Pa ge English Onoma topoeia Phonetic transcripti on Situational context English Meaning Pag e Translat ed text OB06 . 4 Arooo æru: predicted Sound of dogs - 25 Auuu OB39 19 Fweet fwi:t predicted Whistling a horse - 60 Suit OB44 4 Splat splæt Longman Throwing fruits into somebody A noise like something wet hitting a surface and being flattened. 55 Pret OB45 4 Splook splu:k predicted Throwing fruits into somebody - 55 Ceprut OB46 4 Splut spl Ʌ t predicted Throwing fruits into somebody - 55 Ceprut Table 2 Onomatopoeic expressions found outside the balloon This table above is some data found outside the balloon. The contents were the number of data, page the onomatopoeia was found in both of source text English and its target text Indonesian, onomatopoeic words or expressions in English and their translation in Indonesian with English pronunciation, and also the context of the expressions that were correlated with the pictures in the comic. The situational context that the writer included in the table helps the understanding of the function of each expression that was written in the comic. a b Picture OB06 page 4 “The Last of Clan McDuck” First datum to be analyzed was picture OB06 with expression of “Arooo”. Readers were expected to notice the panel order. The writer has said that in reading a comic, order of the panels is important. In this comic, the order is from left to right. At the picture above, the picture on the left a is what the writer means by the text outside the balloon. There is no balloon in its picture such as in the picture of b. On picture a, the text “Aroooo..” is outside the balloon, while on the picture b, the texts “Har Har This Hound costume works just as well as it did 200 years ago” and “And why not The McDucks will never recover from that humiliation” are inside the balloon. It could be seen that there is no connection between the onomatopoeic expressions with the pictures inside the square. This is a special case. The truth of the expression is revealed in the next square, that the sound “Arooo..” is truthfully the sound makes by a man that imitates a sound of dog. Even though, there is no meaning that can be found in the dictionary, it was translated into “Auuu”. This case proves that the reference of cataphora was used. In this occasion, the reference is not the sentences, but pictures. Cataphora is used for referring forward. This supports the idea that comic should be read in order. While in Manga Japanese comic, the order is from right to left. For American, conversely, it is read from left to right. The word “Arooo” can be put into the type of Direct Onomatopoeia, since its sound resembles a soun the word it denotes. It is also a part of Bow-wow theory from the origin of the language, because bow wow theory is usually related to natural sound, where in this case, “aroo” is a natural sound of animal. The writer predicted the phonetic transcription of “arooo” as æru:. The way of the prediction was the same as the previous predicted words that have been explained before. English double vowel of „o‟ is usually pronounced as u:. That is why the writer predicted the word to be pronounced as æru:. The second expression that is going to be explained is expression “fweet”. Here is the picture from the comic. Picture OB39 page 19 “The Vigilante of Pizen Bluff” The picture above is the proof from number OB39. The onomatopoeic expression found is „fweet‟ which is found outside the balloon. The character in the picture is calling the horse by whistling. In Indonesia, sound of whistling is „suit‟. By seeing at the picture, the expression “fweet” can be guessed as a way to call the horse. The writer said so because it could be seen in the utterances inside the balloon that came out from Scrooge McDuck, “C‟mon, Hortense We have some fancy ridin‟ to do.” It was clearly seen that expression “fweet” is suitable with the utterances that the character wanted to ride. Based on the origin of language, this onomatopoeic expression could be included into Yo-He-Ho Theory. Chrystal 1987 said that when people get a command-sound they will do strong body movement and automatically produce rythymical yells. In this expression, it does not mean that somebody is commanded to do something so that they produce some yells, but in this case, the character has intention to call a horse, and by that making a sound of “fweet” in order to make the horse come to him. Picture OB44- OB46 page 4 “The Billionaire of Dismal Downs” Further data are expressions splat, splook, and splut. They are considered as onomatopoeia due to the same placement of the two words splut and splook with onomatopoeic expression splat. The meaning of splat based on Longman Dictionary is a noise like something wet hitting a surface and being flattened. This meaning is true if it is matched up with the picture. Something wet that hits a surface is tomato. In that picture, the words splook and splut are written together with splat. These words can be called as synonyms, because they have the same meaning, even when the other words splut and splook could not be found in the dictionaries.