the materials. After designing the materials, the writer conducted preliminary field testing. There were also two ways of obtaining the data: distributing
questionnaires and interviewing. The data were analyzed through percentages and qualitative data analysis.
F. Research Procedure
In order to answer the questions of the research, the writer took seven steps which were based on R D cycle. Those steps were:
1. Conducting literature review Regarding with the educational issue stated in the research background, the
writer formulated two research problems. She reviewed related references which would be underlying theories to answer those problems.
2. Conducting observationneeds analysis In developing materials, it was not enough conducting the literature review
only. Considering that the designed materials should be useable and appropriate with the target learners, the writer conducted needs analysis to
discover the learners’ needs. There were two instruments to be used, namely questionnaires and interview. The questionnaires were distributed to Biology
teachers of SMAN 3 Yogyakarta. To complete the data, the writer also conducted interviews with them and the English teacher of the school.
3. Planning to develop the materials After data gathered and analyzed, the writer made a plan on designing
materials. The planning involved stating the learning goal, deciding the appropriate syllabus, selecting topics, selecting reading texts, specifying
learning objectives, specifying subject contents, and developing learning activities and exercises.
4. Developing the materials The next step after planning was developing materials. A well prepared
planning would make the materials easier to be designed. The designed materials should be developed based on the learning needs.
5. Evaluating the designed materials To evaluate the designed materials, the writer distributed the evaluation
questionnaires and conducted interviews to Biology teachers of SMAN 3 Yogyakarta. The writer also conducted expert validation that was by
distributing questionnaires and interviewing the English teacher of SMAN 3 Yogyakarta and the English lecturers of English Education Department of
Sanata Dharma University. 6.
Analyzing evaluation data The evaluation information which was collected should be analyzed. The data
was analyzed using percentages. It was aimed to measure the validity of the designed materials. Additionally, the writer also used qualitative data analysis.
The results of the analysis were to be consideration in revising the designed materials.
7. Revising the designed materials The last step was to revise the designed materials. The designed materials
were revised based on the evaluation data. The revision was done so that the designed materials would be applicable in class.
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is aimed to answer two research problems formulated in chapter one. The problems are to discover how a set of English reading materials
for Biology teachers is designed and what the designed materials look like. Hence, this chapter consists of two parts. They are the steps in designing a set of English
reading materials using Content Based Instruction for Biology teachers of SMAN 3 Yogyakarta and the presentation of the designed materials.
A. The Steps in Designing a Set of English Reading Materials for Biology
Teachers of SMAN 3 Yogyakarta
This part presents the enlightenment of the steps in designing the materials. The steps, as elaborated in chapter three, are the adaptation of R D
steps Borgh and Gall, 1985:772 which were completed with Yalden’s adapted model. There were ten steps in designing a set of English reading materials for
Biology teachers of SMAN 3 Yogyakarta, namely, Reviewing the Literature, Conducting the Needs Survey, Describing the Purposes, Developing the Syllabus,
Producing Proto-Syllabus, Producing Pedagogical Syllabus, Developing and Implementing Classroom Procedures, Developing the Materials, Evaluating the
Designed Materials, and Revising the Designed Materials. The elaboration of the ten steps is presented on the following page.
56 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
