Principles of CBI The Role of Learners and Teachers

d Discussion Stage The discussion should take place soon after silent reading stage. This stage makes use the skills obtained in the second stage. e Culminating Activity Stage Learners are encouraged to see the relationship which exists between the topic discussed and previous discussion topics, for example by making summary, by giving opinion, etc. 6 Since comprehension is the product of reading, tasks which need comprehension skill should be developed and be given intensively. 7 Reading techniques are needed to establish comprehension effectively.

c. Types of Reading Activity

Generally, there are three main types of reading activity which may be used by the writer in developing her reading materials. The types are pre-reading activities, while-reading activities, and post-reading activities. Brief explanations of those three types are presented below Wallace, 1992:114-122. 1 Pre-reading activities Pre-reading activities can be conducted in three ways. The first one is learners provide their own questions, statements, or hypothesis. This is aimed at motivating learners to further reading, activating learners’ background knowledge, and presenting particular discourse will be dealing with. Second one is by giving cross-cultural pre-reading tasks. This kind of task invites learners to compare the characteristics of their own culture and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI the target culture. The third one is by giving pre-reading tasks which challenge conventional outcomes. Such tasks will encourage learners to discuss and draw some opinions in accordance with the content of reading materials. 2 While-reading activities While-reading activities include offering learners alternative readings of a text, identifying parallel discourses, and analyzing linguistic choices. Offering learners alternative readings of a text means learners are offered more than one way of reading a text. It will be dealing with reading techniques. Next, a text may have more than one discourse. Therefore, it will be interesting to compare those discourses in parallel way for it helps learners to get mental image and understanding. Identifying parallel discourse will not be completely successful without knowing linguistic choices made by the writer. The linguistic choices determine the discourses which unfold in text. To understand linguistic choices written in text, readers should analyze them to avoid misinterpretation. 3 Post-reading activities After while-reading activities, post-reading activities should be conducted to achieve a purpose that is heightening readers’ awareness of the topic being learnt. The activities may be giving tasks that follow the reading or providing other texts which have the same topic but different discourse. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI