Findings Discussion Lectal studies

3. Lectal studies 487 percent. For initial intelligibility, thresholds above 60 percent and below 50 percent gave insignificant results, as did thresholds above 70 percent and below 60 percent for long-term intelligibility.

3.3. Findings

The intelligibility percentage tables tables A4 and A5 in the appendix were optimized at various intelligibility percentage thresholds, giving the groupings listed below. In the tables below, the centers of communication are listed in the left column, and the data points that they are intelligible with at or above the threshold are listed in the right column. Table 1. Long-term optimization at 70 percent threshold Centers Group lects AS AS CS CS DSNZ DSNZ, DSSY GD GD, DY, LL, PTZB HS HS LB LB PTXL PTXL QL QL SC SC WM WM, AL, CH, LDLK, LDPQ, ZF XY XY ZYHH ZYHH, ZNBL ZYNH ZYNH, ZNSTZ Table 2. Long-term optimization at 65 percent threshold AS AS DSNZ DSNZ, DSSY, LB, PTXL Guiding GD, CS, DY, HS, LL, PTZB SC SC WM WM, AL, CH, LDLK, LDPQ, XY, ZF, ZNBL ZYNH ZYNH, QL, ZNSTZ, ZYHH Table 3. Long-term optimization at 60 percent threshold DY DY, AS, CS, DSNZ, DSSY, GD, HS, LB, LL, LDLK, LDPQ, PTXL, PTZB, WM, ZF, ZNBL ZYNH ZYNH, AL, CH, QL, SC, XY 488 3. Lectal studies Table 4. Initial optimization at 60 percent threshold AL AL, CH, LDLK, LDPQ, WM, XY, ZF, ZNBL, ZYHH AS AS SC SC DSNZ DSNZ, DSSY, LB GD GD, CS, DY, LL, PTZB, HS PTXL PTXL ZYNH ZYNH, ZNSTZ, QL Table 5. Initial optimization at 55 percent threshold AS AS, CS, DY, GD, HS, LL, PTZB, ZYNH LDLK LDLK, AL, CH,DSNZ, DSSY, LB, LDPQ, PTXL, WM, XY, ZF, ZNBL ZNSTZ or QL ZNSTZ, QL, ZYNH, SC Table 6. Initial optimization at 50 percent threshold CS CS, AL, AS, CH, DSNZ, DSSY, DY, GD, HS, LB, LL, LDLK, LDPQ, PTXL, PTZB, WM, XY, ZF, ZNBL, ZYNH ZNSTZ or QL QL, ZNSTZ, ZYNH, SC

3.4. Discussion

Intelligibility between two lects is dependent on their respective phonologies and vocabulary, as well as other factors such as syntactic structure, semantic overlap, etc. In this study we only take phonology and fairly basic vocabulary as relevant factors, though this will lead only to a rough estimation of intelligibility. Intelligibility impedance due to lexical dissimilarity is assumed to be a constant, though lexical items of one lect will certainly be learned by a speaker of another lect over time. The optimization results above were put into tables to show the centers of communication at each respective intelligibility threshold. One question that must be asked is the significance of the various intelligibility thresholds. Lexical similarity percentages below 70 percent indicate low intelligibility, but above 70 percent the level of intelligibility is ambiguous. Including the systems relations impedance into the picture should make the intelligibility percentage more consistent with actual intelligibility levels. The correlation between the intelligibility percentages obtained from lexical similarity and the systems relations impedance on the one hand with actual intelligibility levels is unknown at this point. What is needed to obtain a correlation between systems relations percentages and actual intelligibility is recorded text testing between various lects as well as the systems relations impedance percentages and lexical similarity percentages. A related question is, at what threshold levels is intelligibility meaningful? Long-term intelligibility between two lects at 50 percent or below would most likely mean those lects are mutually unintelligible for all practical purposes. Whereas a lexical cognate percentage below 70 percent between two lects would mean they are practically unintelligible, it would not for our percentages. This is because the systems relations impedance is in effect subtracted from the lexical cognate percentage, making the overall intelligibility percentage lower. For example, the systems relations impedance percentages for Anlong compared with five of the other data points is given below. AS CH CS DSNZ DSSY 28,21 16,9 24,16 23,11 18,13 3. Lectal studies 489 Under AS, the first number 28 is the initial systems relations impedance. The second number 21 is the long-term impedance. These impedance percentages are subtracted, in effect, from the lexical cognate percentage. The lexical cognate percentage between Anlong and Anshun is 69 percent. At this lexical cognate percentage, intelligibility between these two lects is still a viable question. However, the overall initial intelligibility score for an Anlong Bouyei listening to the Anshun lect is a good bit lower. It may seem low, but it reflects a lexical cognate percentage of 69 percent. So for viable intelligibility, a fairly low overall initial intelligibility score should still be considered. Of value at this point is the comparison of the clustering of centers of communication at the various intelligibility thresholds • to see how the patterns of clusters change, and • to compare these clusters of lects with the currently accepted Bouyei subdialect distribution of lects one, two, and three. 8 8 See BYDCBY analysis of the Bouyei sub-lects. 490 Appendix Table A1. Lexical cognate percentages [Systems relations, chapter 3] AL AS CH CS DSNZ DSSY DY GD HS LB LL LDLK AL 100 68.9815 81.713 73.6111 73.1482 68.9815 68.0556 71.5278 68.5185 69.9074 69.9074 77.5463 AS 68.9815 100 69.4444 75.9259 71.2963 68.9815 75.463 79.8611 75.2315 68.5185 78.4722 69.6759 CH 81.713 69.4444 100 71.7593 73.1482 68.5185 68.0556 71.0648 68.5185 68.75 69.6759 78.2407 CS 73.6111 75.9259 71.7593 100 74.3056 71.7593 74.537 79.8611 79.3982 69.4444 78.9352 76.1574 DSNZ 73.1482 71.2963 73.1482 74.3056 100 79.3982 73.6111 76.1574 71.5278 78.2407 72.4537 77.5463 DSSY 68.9815 68.9815 68.5185 71.7593 79.3982 100 72.9167 73.1482 69.9074 72.2222 69.4444 71.7593 DY 68.0556 75.463 68.0556 74.537 73.6111 72.9167 100 84.2593 75.6944 70.6018 80.5556 71.2963 GD 71.5278 79.8611 71.0648 79.8611 76.1574 73.1482 84.2593 100 80.3241 73.1482 88.1944 75.2315 HS 68.5185 75.2315 68.5185 79.3982 71.5278 69.9074 75.6944 80.3241 100 69.4444 79.1667 72.6852 LB 69.9074 68.5185 68.75 69.4444 78.2407 72.2222 70.6018 73.1482 69.4444 100 70.8333 72.4537 LL 69.9074 78.4722 69.6759 78.9352 72.4537 69.4444 80.5556 88.1944 79.1667 70.8333 100 72.6852 LDLK 77.5463 69.6759 78.2407 76.1574 77.5463 71.7593 71.2963 75.2315 72.6852 72.4537 72.6852 100 LDPQ 37.375 44.4074 30.537 34.6759 31.7176 36.4954 38.1667 33.5417 37.6273 35.8982 38.6898 20.375 PTXL 71.7593 71.0648 71.5278 75 79.8611 76.6204 75 76.6204 73.3796 76.3889 73.6111 76.6204 PTZB 69.6759 75.6944 69.4444 76.1574 74.537 73.6111 81.9444 85.6482 78.7037 73.1482 81.25 72.9167 QL 76.6204 70.3704 72.6852 72.4537 69.6759 66.4352 68.75 71.0648 68.9815 68.0556 70.8333 72.9167 SC 70.8333 66.6667 68.75 68.9815 66.2037 63.8889 66.2037 68.75 66.2037 64.1204 68.0556 71.2963 WM 81.713 71.0648 85.6482 75.6944 75 70.1389 69.9074 72.9167 70.3704 69.9074 71.0648 81.713 XY 80.787 68.287 77.3148 73.1482 70.8333 67.1296 67.5926 69.4444 69.213 67.3611 70.3704 74.7685 ZF 86.3426 70.3704 82.4074 74.3056 73.3796 69.4444 69.6759 71.7593 70.3704 70.3704 71.9907 77.7778 ZNBL 82.4074 69.9074 79.8611 75 72.6852 68.9815 69.9074 72.9167 69.6759 69.4444 71.9907 78.4722 ZNSTZ 73.8426 68.75 68.9815 71.0648 68.287 66.2037 66.4352 69.213 66.6667 65.0463 68.0556 70.3704 ZYHH 82.1759 72.4537 78.0093 78.0093 74.0741 69.6759 70.3704 74.7685 72.4537 71.0648 72.4537 78.2407 ZYNH 79.1667 70.1389 75.9259 74.0741 70.1389 68.0556 69.6759 71.5278 68.5185 67.8241 70.3704 75 3. Lectal studies 491 Table A1, continued LDPQ PTXL PTZB QL SC WM XY ZF ZNBL ZNSTZ ZYHH ZYNH AL 77.3148 71.7593 69.6759 76.6204 70.8333 81.713 80.787 86.3426 82.4074 73.8426 82.1759 79.1667 AS 73.1482 71.0648 75.6944 70.3704 66.6667 71.0648 68.287 70.3704 69.9074 68.75 72.4537 70.1389 CH 78.9352 71.5278 69.4444 72.6852 68.75 85.6482 77.3148 82.4074 79.8611 68.9815 78.0093 75.9259 CS 76.8518 75 76.1574 72.4537 68.9815 75.6944 73.1482 74.3056 75 71.0648 78.0093 74.0741 DSNZ 79.3982 79.8611 74.537 69.6759 66.2037 75 70.8333 73.3796 72.6852 68.287 74.0741 70.1389 DSSY 73.8426 76.6204 73.6111 66.4352 63.8889 70.1389 67.1296 69.4444 68.9815 66.2037 69.6759 68.0556 DY 73.6111 75 81.9444 68.75 66.2037 69.9074 67.5926 69.6759 69.9074 66.4352 70.3704 69.6759 GD 76.3889 76.6204 85.6482 71.0648 68.75 72.9167 69.4444 71.7593 72.9167 69.213 74.7685 71.5278 HS 73.3796 73.3796 78.7037 68.9815 66.2037 70.3704 69.213 70.3704 69.6759 66.6667 72.4537 68.5185 LB 74.537 76.3889 73.1482 68.0556 64.1204 69.9074 67.3611 70.3704 69.4444 65.0463 71.0648 67.8241 LL 74.7685 73.6111 81.25 70.8333 68.0556 71.0648 70.3704 71.9907 71.9907 68.0556 72.4537 70.3704 LDLK 87.5 76.6204 72.9167 72.9167 71.2963 81.713 74.7685 77.7778 78.4722 70.3704 78.2407 75 LDPQ 100 35.6875 38.8796 43.5278 46.5185 27.9028 34.6111 35.4444 34.6667 45.2801 36.25 39.0625 PTXL 79.3982 100 75.9259 68.9815 66.2037 73.6111 68.75 72.9167 72.6852 67.5926 73.1482 71.2963 PTZB 74.537 75.9259 100 69.9074 67.3611 70.6018 69.4444 71.2963 71.0648 68.0556 72.9167 69.6759 QL 74.3056 68.9815 69.9074 100 78.0093 74.3056 72.6852 76.6204 76.6204 76.3889 78.9352 77.5463 SC 70.3704 66.2037 67.3611 78.0093 100 70.6018 68.5185 71.9907 71.9907 75 73.3796 74.537 WM 82.8704 73.6111 70.6018 74.3056 70.6018 100 78.0093 81.9444 81.0185 71.9907 81.4815 78.0093 XY 74.3056 68.75 69.4444 72.6852 68.5185 78.0093 100 80.5556 78.9352 70.8333 77.7778 74.537 ZF 76.8518 72.9167 71.2963 76.6204 71.9907 81.9444 80.5556 100 81.9444 74.0741 81.713 77.7778 ZNBL 77.7778 72.6852 71.0648 76.6204 71.9907 81.0185 78.9352 81.9444 100 76.3889 85.1852 81.9444 ZNSTZ 71.0648 67.5926 68.0556 76.3889 75 71.9907 70.8333 74.0741 76.3889 100 77.7778 79.6296 ZYHH 78.7037 73.1482 72.9167 78.9352 73.3796 81.4815 77.7778 81.713 85.1852 77.7778 100 85.1852 ZYNH 75.2315 71.2963 69.6759 77.5463 74.537 78.0093 74.537 77.7778 81.9444 79.6296 85.1852 100 492 3. Lectal studies Table A2. Consonant matrix Phones Features Phones Features Phones Features ¯ 0, 7, 4 jg 3, 00, R 6, 6, a 2, , 4 k 0, 5, 4 r[ 6, 4, 4, A 2, 0, K , 5, s 2, 5, b 6, 7, l 0, , 4 S 6, 4, c 2, 5, 4 m 0, 5, 4 sb 4, 7, e 6, 0, M 0, 00, 4 sbg 5, 7, f 2, 01, o 2, , sg 3, 5, F 6, 00, 4 oe 4, 0, sr 4, 5, fa 1, , 4 oeg 3, 0, srg 5, 5, fc 1, 5, 4 og 3, , u 6, 0, 4 fk 0, 5, 4 ou 4, 0, 4 v 8, 0, 4 g 6, 01, p 6, 4, 4 vg 8, 0, G 6, 01, 4 P 6, 7, 4 w 6, 00, gv 8, 0, q 7, 5, 4 y 6, 5, 4 i 8, 0, 4 Q 00, 7, 4 Y 6, 6, 4 j 2, 00, r 6, 5, y[ 6, 4, 4, 4 3. Lectal studies 493 Table A3. Vowel matrix h 0, 0, D 4, 0, ? 5, 0, ` 6, 0, x 0, 0, 4 X 0, 2, = 3, 2, 5, 2, L 0, 4, t 0, 4, 4 n 2, 4, 4 B 4, 4, 4 9 , , O 0, 2, an apical vowel which occurs in some loan words 494 3. Lectal studies Table A4. Long-term intelligibility percentages AL AS CH CS DSNZ DSSY DY GD HS LB LL LDLK AL 100 54.49537 74.3588 61.83333 65.10185 60.01389 58.52778 62.94445 56.18519 62.21759 57.32408 69.79167 AS 53.80555 100 54.16666 62.25926 54.89815 52.42593 61.125 63.09028 60.9375 54.12963 61.99305 53.65047 CH 71.09028 58.33333 100 60.99537 63.63889 60.98148 58.52778 61.11575 57.55556 59.8125 57.13426 69.63426 CS 58.88889 66.05556 58.125 100 61.67361 60.99537 65.5926 67.88194 68.28241 58.33333 68.67361 62.44908 DSNZ 57.78704 54.18519 59.98148 59.44445 100 68.28241 61.09722 66.25695 58.65278 68.06944 57.96296 63.58797 DSYY 57.94444 57.94444 60.98148 62.43056 71.45834 100 64.16667 65.83334 59.4213 64.27778 59.02777 62.43056 DY 57.16667 64.89815 58.52778 64.10185 63.30555 62.70834 100 73.30556 65.85416 62.12963 68.47223 60.60186 GD 57.22223 64.6875 58.27315 67.08334 67.7801 62.90741 72.46297 100 68.27546 62.90741 74.08333 63.19444 HS 55.5 63.94676 56.87037 68.28241 60.08334 57.32408 65.85416 68.27546 100 58.33333 67.29167 58.875 LB 56.625 55.5 57.75 58.33333 69.63426 63.55555 61.42361 62.90741 59.72222 100 60.20833 63.03472 LL 51.03241 61.99305 52.95371 63.9375 55.06481 55.55555 66.05556 71.4375 64.91667 56.66666 100 55.24074 LDLK 65.91435 59.9213 71.19907 66.25695 67.46528 63.14815 63.45371 65.45139 63.96296 63.75925 61.7824 100 LDPQ 62.625 55.59259 69.46296 65.32407 68.28241 63.50463 61.83333 66.45834 62.37268 64.10185 61.31019 79.625 PTXL 56.68982 54.00926 55.79167 62.25 66.28472 62.0625 60.75 62.8287 59.4375 61.875 58.88889 62.8287 PTZB 57.83102 63.58333 59.72222 64.7338 63.35648 62.56944 71.29166 77.93982 66.89815 62.90741 67.4375 61.97917 QL 62.8287 62.62963 61.05555 62.31018 57.83102 55.80555 58.4375 60.4051 57.94444 56.48611 59.5 58.33334 SC 51 54.66667 51.5625 51.73611 48.3287 46.63889 50.31481 49.5 49.65277 48.09028 51.04167 51.33334 WM 68.63889 58.9838 79.65278 65.09722 65.25 61.72222 60.81945 62.70834 59.11111 60.81945 59.69445 73.54166 XY 67.86111 57.36111 68.03704 62.17593 58.79166 56.38889 59.48148 58.33333 58.83102 57.93055 58.40741 63.55324 ZF 75.98148 57.7037 74.99075 60.93056 64.57407 60.41666 58.52778 62.43056 58.40741 61.92593 59.03241 68.44444 ZNBL 70.0463 58.02315 71.07639 62.25 63.23611 59.32407 59.4213 61.97917 58.52778 59.72222 59.03241 68.27083 ZNSTZ 55.38194 54.3125 53.11574 54.00926 51.21528 50.31481 51.81944 52.60185 51.33334 50.08565 51.72223 53.48148 ZYHH 67.38426 61.58564 63.1875 66.30787 60.74074 57.83102 59.11111 61.31019 60.86111 60.4051 60.13657 64.93981 ZYNH 60.16667 58.21528 59.98148 60 54.00695 51.72223 57.13426 55.79167 54.81482 52.22453 55.59259 57.75 3. Lectal studies 495 Table A4, continued LDPQ PTXL PTZB QL SC WM XY ZF ZNBL ZNSTZ ZYHH ZYNH AL 68.81019 60.99537 60.61806 62.8287 55.25 73.54166 72.70834 77.70833 74.16667 60.55092 70.6713 68.08334 AS 54.86111 54.00926 60.55555 57.7037 54 56.14121 55.99537 54.88889 56.625 54.3125 58.6875 57.51389 CH 70.25231 58.65278 59.02777 57.42129 52.9375 80.50926 69.58334 74.99075 71.07639 54.49537 64.74769 63.01852 CS 64.55556 62.25 62.44908 58.6875 55.18518 62.06944 62.17593 59.44445 60 56.85186 63.96759 61.48148 DSNZ 66.69444 63.09028 59.62963 52.95371 49.65277 60.75 58.79166 60.1713 58.14814 51.21528 57.77777 54.70834 DSYY 64.98148 64.36111 61.09722 53.8125 50.47222 61.02084 58.40278 59.02777 60.01389 52.30092 58.52778 55.80556 DY 61.09722 63 70.47222 56.375 51.63889 59.4213 59.48148 59.22454 60.12037 54.47685 57.7037 58.52778 GD 66.45834 63.59491 72.80093 54.00926 52.9375 60.52084 57.63889 58.84259 59.79167 53.29398 58.31945 57.9375 HS 59.4375 58.7037 66.11111 55.18518 51.63889 58.40741 57.44676 57 56.4375 54.66667 59.41203 57.55556 LB 64.10185 63.40278 60.71296 54.44445 48.73148 58.72223 59.27778 58.40741 59.72222 52.6875 58.9838 55.61574 LL 56.82407 55.94444 61.75 53.125 49.68056 54.71991 55.59259 51.83333 54.71296 52.40278 54.34027 54.18518 LDLK 81.375 65.12731 62.70834 59.0625 55.61111 74.3588 68.03935 69.22222 69.05556 58.40741 68.06944 62.25 LDPQ 100 64.3125 61.12037 56.47223 53.48148 72.09722 65.38889 64.55556 65.33334 54.71991 63.75 60.9375 PTXL 65.90047 100 59.22223 52.42593 49.65277 57.41666 55.6875 56.875 58.14814 51.37037 59.98148 57.03704 PTZB 62.61111 60.74075 100 55.92593 53.88889 60.71759 59.72222 60.60186 59.69445 53.76389 59.0625 57.13426 QL 59.44445 57.94444 58.72223 100 67.08797 62.41667 62.50925 63.59491 64.36111 64.16666 67.88425 67.46528 SC 49.96296 46.34259 48.5 63.1875 100 52.24537 52.07407 51.11343 54.71296 62.25 56.50232 61.86574 WM 72.92593 59.625 60.01157 59.44445 55.06944 100 68.64815 72.11111 71.2963 56.87268 67.62963 63.1875 XY 63.15973 56.375 56.94444 58.875 50.7037 68.64815 100 68.47223 66.30555 55.95833 64.55556 60.375 ZF 66.86111 58.33334 60.60186 59.76389 54.71296 72.93055 70.88889 100 72.11111 57.77777 66.1875 64.55556 ZNBL 66.88889 57.42129 58.9838 64.36111 57.59259 69.67593 69.46296 72.93055 100 59.58334 71.55556 66.375 ZNSTZ 53.29861 48.66666 51.72223 61.11111 60.75 55.43287 55.95833 55.55555 58.81945 100 60.66667 70.07407 ZYHH 64.53703 59.98148 59.0625 65.5162 58.7037 65.18518 67.66667 66.1875 70.7037 62.22223 100 69.00001 ZYNH 57.92824 53.47223 52.95371 62.8125 58.13889 62.40741 60.375 58.33334 63.91666 70.07407 69.00001 100 496 3. Lectal studies Table A5. Initial intelligibility percentages AL AS CH CS DSNZ DSSY DY GD HS LB LL LDLK AL 100 49.66666 68.63889 55.94444 56.32407 56.56481 53.08334 55.79167 51.38889 56.625 51.03241 65.13889 AS 49.66666 100 47.91666 58.46297 45.62963 47.59722 57.35185 55.90278 56.42361 47.27778 56.5 49.46991 CH 69.45602 49.30555 100 54.53704 57.78704 58.92593 53.08334 55.43056 49.33334 54.3125 49.46991 68.06944 CS 55.94444 59.98148 53.81945 100 54.24306 55.25463 59.62963 60.69444 62.72454 52.77777 59.99074 57.11806 DSNZ 56.32407 47.05556 57.78704 53.5 100 64.3125 54.47222 60.16435 52.21528 63.375 49.99305 59.71065 DSYY 53.80555 49.66666 58.24074 53.81945 62.72454 100 57.60417 57.78704 51.03241 59.22222 50 58.125 DY 54.44445 58.10648 53.76389 58.88426 53 58.33334 100 64.87963 59.79861 54.36343 62.02778 57.03704 GD 55.07639 55.90278 54.00926 59.89583 60.16435 59.25 66.56481 100 61.04629 56.32407 65.26389 59.43287 HS 50.7037 57.17593 50.7037 64.3125 52.21528 51.03241 59.79861 61.04629 100 52.08333 60.95834 53.78703 LB 53.8287 47.27778 55 50.69444 61.02778 59.22222 53.65741 54.86111 51.38889 100 51 57.23842 LL 48.23611 55.71527 48.07639 59.20139 48.54398 50.69444 61.22223 65.26389 60.16667 51 100 50.87963 LDLK 63.58797 51.56019 67.28703 57.11806 59.71065 59.56018 56.32408 58.68055 55.24074 57.23842 53.06018 100 LDPQ 61.85186 49.74074 66.30555 60.71296 62.72454 59.8125 56.68055 61.11111 56.50232 58.88426 54.58102 77 PTXL 53.10185 46.19213 52.93056 56.25 59.89583 58.23148 54 55.16667 52.83333 57.29167 51.52778 57.46528 PTZB 55.04398 56.77083 56.25 56.35648 52.9213 56.68055 62.27777 70.23148 59.81481 54.86111 56.875 56.14584 QL 56.69907 54.18518 53.78703 52.8912 47.37963 49.82639 50.875 49.74537 51.73611 48.31945 49.58333 52.5 SC 46.75 46 47.4375 44.14815 39.06018 41.52778 43.03241 41.9375 43.03241 40.39583 42.875 46.34259 WM 67.00462 50.45602 77.93982 56.01389 57 56.8125 53.12963 53.95834 51.37037 53.8287 49.74537 69.45602 XY 65.4375 50.53241 64.1713 54.86111 51 51.68982 54.07407 51.38889 51.21759 52.54166 50.66667 60.5625 ZF 74.25463 50.66667 71.69445 55.72917 57.23611 56.94444 52.95371 56.68982 49.96296 55.59259 50.39352 64.55556 ZNBL 66.75 52.43056 66.28472 56.25 55.24074 54.49537 53.8287 54.6875 52.95371 52.77777 51.11343 65.13194 ZNSTZ 49.47454 47.4375 47.59722 46.90278 39.60648 43.03241 44.51157 42.91204 45.33334 41.62963 43.55556 45.74074 ZYHH 65.74075 55.06481 57.72685 60.84722 51.85185 52.95371 54.18518 53.83334 54.34027 54.00926 51.44213 61.02778 ZYNH 55.41667 51.20139 55.42593 51.85185 45.59028 46.95834 49.46991 47.92361 47.96296 46.79861 47.14815 51.75 3. Lectal studies 497 Table A5, continued LDPQ PTXL PTZB QL SC WM XY ZF ZNBL ZNSTZ ZYHH ZYNH AL 63.39815 54.53704 55.04398 55.93287 47.45833 67.00462 66.24538 72.52778 70.0463 49.47454 66.5625 56.20834 AS 49.74074 45.48148 54.5 53.48148 47.33334 49.74537 49.84954 49.25926 51.03241 47.4375 55.06481 49.09722 CH 67.0949 52.21528 54.86111 53.06018 47.4375 77.93982 64.1713 71.69445 67.08334 46.90741 60.06713 54.66667 CS 59.17593 55.5 58.6412 54.34027 47.59722 56.01389 57.05556 55.72917 57 49.74537 59.28704 54.07407 DSNZ 63.51852 58.29861 55.90278 49.46991 42.37037 57.75 53.125 57.23611 54.51389 42.33796 52.59259 46.99306 DSYY 58.33565 57.46528 55.94444 50.49074 43.44445 56.8125 53.03241 54.16666 53.80555 45.01852 52.25695 48.31945 DY 55.94444 57 64.73611 51.5625 43.69444 54.52778 54.75 54.34723 55.22685 46.50463 53.48148 50.16667 GD 61.11111 55.16667 69.375 49.03473 44.6875 54.6875 51.38889 55.97222 56.14584 44.98842 53.08565 49.35417 HS 55.03472 51.36574 59.81481 50.35648 43.69444 51.37037 51.21759 51.37037 52.25695 46.66667 54.34027 49.33334 LB 58.13889 58.05556 54.86111 49.68056 42.96065 55.22685 53.21528 54.18518 53.47222 44.23148 51.87732 47.47685 LL 53.08565 50.05555 57.6875 48.875 42.875 49.03473 49.96296 48.2338 50.39352 44.23611 49.99305 46.44444 LDLK 76.125 57.46528 58.33334 52.5 47.05556 69.45602 61.31019 66.11111 65.91666 49.96296 61.81018 52.5 LDPQ 100 57.96065 58.13889 51.27084 45.74074 67.9537 59.44445 63.01852 63 46.90278 59.81481 51.90972 PTXL 59.54861 100 54.66667 48.28704 42.37037 53 52.25 53.22917 53.06018 45.28704 55.59259 49.19445 PTZB 55.90278 53.90741 100 49.63426 45.13194 55.77546 52.08333 57.75 54.71991 46.27778 53.95834 49.46991 QL 51.27084 48.28704 50.33334 100 59.28704 54.98611 54.51389 54.40046 57.46528 57.29167 59.20139 61.26158 SC 43.62963 38.39815 43.78472 57.72685 100 47.30324 45.22222 45.35417 48.9537 55.5 49.89815 54.41204 WM 67.125 53 55.06944 54.24306 48.71527 100 60.84722 68.83333 66.43519 49.67361 60.2963 54.60648 XY 58.70139 49.5 51.38889 53.78703 44.53704 63.1875 100 64.44445 63.14814 48.875 59.88889 52.9213 ZF 63.01852 52.5 57.03704 52.86805 46.79398 68.83333 64.44445 100 68.83333 49.62963 60.46759 54.44445 ZNBL 62.22223 51.60648 54.00926 58.23148 48.9537 64.00463 63.14814 68.01389 100 51.94445 67.2963 59 ZNSTZ 44.77084 41.23148 45.59723 56.52778 55.5 47.51389 48.16666 48.14814 51.94445 100 53.66667 65.2963 ZYHH 59.81481 54.86111 53.95834 60.78009 52.09954 59.48148 61.44445 61.28472 68.14816 54.44445 100 61.33334 ZYNH 51.15741 45.62963 48.77315 58.93519 52.9213 55.38657 52.9213 52.11111 57.36111 66.88889 61.33334 100 498

4. Historical variation in Bouyei: Initials and tones