Dushan Shuiyan Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data

526 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data

5.6. Dushan Shuiyan

Most of the words transcribed in the 1950s with [z] initial were transcribed with [ p] or [Y], with one occurrence of a [s] initial and a [k] initial. The nucleus of several of these words also was different. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘afternoon meal’ yhM20 phM20 ‘sand’ yd24 jD24 ‘building’ y`m20 Y`m20 ‘root’ y`f44 Y`24 ‘we incl.’ yCt20 Yt20 ‘six’ ynf24 Ynf24 ‘loose’ ytM24 rtM22 ‘bright’ ynM44 YnM33 Some words transcribed in the 1950s with [h] were recorded in our data with [ w], initials. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘morning’ gCs24 w`s24 ‘evening’ gCl44 w`l24 ‘sea’ g`h22 w`h22 ‘seed’ gnm02 wnm13 ‘rice’ gCt42 w`t31 ‘goose’ g`m24 w`m24 The differences in the nucleus of the words transcribed in the 1950s and the same words recorded in our survey are at times fairly significant. The nucleus [ L] transcribed in the 1950s was recorded as various different vowels in our data. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘cloud’ uL=22 vt=22 ‘wind’ yLl20 y=l20 ‘rain’ uLm02 vDm13 ‘tail’ yL:M02 yh=M24 ‘wing’ uL:s44 v=s24 ‘flea’ kL:s44 ihDs24 ‘beard’ lLl44 l=l33 ‘feather’ oLm24 o=m24 ‘hand’ uLM20 v=M20 ‘lungs’ oLs24 o=s24 ‘blood’ kL:s44 kL=s22 ‘to eat’ jLm02 j=m13 ‘hoe’ juL=24 jt=f24 ‘mortar’ yLl02 Y=l13 ‘to holdhug’ fLl42 f=l31 ‘girl’ faLf24 fa=f24 [u] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘bowl’ sth42 stDh31 ‘goat’ it:M20 it=M20 ‘to vomit’ yt:s44 rt=s13 ‘to boil’ ytM02 YnM13 ‘pants’ srt:M02 srtM13 ‘to get up’ ytm24 Yt=m24 ‘round’ fct:m02 fct=m13 ‘soft’ ftm24 ft=m24 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 527 [e] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘sand’ yd24 jD24 ‘grass’ ¯hd22 ¯h=22 ‘cow’ srhd20 sbh=20 ‘feces’ fd42 fD31 ‘scissors’ sbdt20 sbDt20 ‘net’ yd02 yD13 ‘eight’ ods24 oDs24 ‘yellow’ gdm22 wDm22 ‘old’ sbd24 sbdh24 ‘at’ id24 i=24 The difference in the tone values transcribed in the 1950s data and the tones recorded in our data is not great. The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data are given below, as are the pitch values from our data. 1950 data Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch 00 20 22 42 24 44 24 44, 20 Example m`00 m`20 m`22 m`42 ju`24 s`44 y`o24, yCo24 j`o44, jCo20 Gloss thick field face mother’s older brother to cross river to carry with shoulder pole, small pig basket to press between, to catch 1990 data Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7, 9 8 10 Pitch value 24 41 33 51 35 55 35 32 44

5.7. Duyun Fuxi