5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 527
[e] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei:
English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990
‘sand’ yd24
jD24 ‘grass’
¯hd22 ¯h=22
‘cow’ srhd20
sbh=20 ‘feces’
fd42 fD31
‘scissors’ sbdt20
sbDt20 ‘net’
yd02 yD13
‘eight’ ods24
oDs24 ‘yellow’
gdm22 wDm22
‘old’ sbd24
sbdh24 ‘at’
id24 i=24
The difference in the tone values transcribed in the 1950s data and the tones recorded in our data is not great. The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data are given below, as are the pitch
values from our data.
1950 data
Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 Pitch
00 20 22 42 24 44 24
44, 20 Example
m`00 m`20 m`22 m`42 ju`24 s`44 y`o24, yCo24 j`o44,
jCo20 Gloss thick
field face
mother’s older
brother to cross
river to carry with
shoulder pole, small pig basket
to press between,
to catch
1990 data
Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7, 9 8 10
Pitch value 24 41 33 51 35 55 35 32 44
5.7. Duyun Fuxi
Most of the words transcribed in the 1950s with [z] initial were transcribed with [ Y], and two
had a [l] initial. The nucleus of several of these words also was different. Examples:
English 1950 1990
English 1950 1990
‘afternoon meal’ yhM00
khM20 ‘building’
y`m00 Y`m22
‘road’ ytCm02
Yt`m24 ‘bird’
ytCf02 Ynj13
‘to chop’ yCl20
Yt`m33 ‘long’
yCh00 Yh221
‘bright’ ytCM24
Yt`M24 ‘stinkbug’
yL:s22 kh=s33
528 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data
The final stop [ f] transcribed for several words in BYDCBG was not found in our data. Most of
those words were recorded with a [k] final stop.
English 1950 1990 English
1950 1990
‘mistfog’ lt`f22
lt24 ‘root’
y`f22 y`j24
‘girl’ faLf24
fa=j24 ‘guest’
ih`f22 i`j33
‘six’ yt`f24
ynj24 ‘heavy’
mCf24 m`j24
The nucleus [ L] transcribed in the 1950s was recorded as various different vowels in our data.
Examples:
English 1950 1990 English
1950 1990
‘sky’ faLm02
fa=m13 ‘cloud’
uL=20 v=20
‘rain’ uLm02
u=m13 ‘cow’
srL00 srh=22
‘tail’ yL:M02
yh=M13 ‘wing’
uL:s24 v=s24
‘feather’ oLm02
o=m13 ‘stinkbug’
yL:s22 kh=s33
‘earthworm’ fcL:m02
fcDm13 ‘ear’
yL=00 Yh=220
‘navel’ fcL=02
fch=13 ‘hand’
uLM00 u=:M22
‘blood’ kL:s24
khns24 ‘lungs’
oLs24 o=s24
[u] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei:
English 1950 1990
English 1950 1990
‘wind’ ktl00
kn:l22 ‘late’
kt`s22 kns24
‘bird’ ytCf02
Ynj13 ‘road’
ytCm02 Yt`m13
‘bear’ lth02
lnh24 ‘to vomit’
yt:f22 Yt=f24
‘to boil’ ytM02
ynM13 ‘lock’
ktM20 knM20
‘weaving machine’
srt:M00 srtM220
‘to swell’ FtCf02
vnf220 ‘wash’
rth22 rtDh33
‘two’ rtCM02
rnM02 ‘shallow’
fatCf24 fBj24
‘Bouyei people’
fith42 finh31
5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 529
The vowel [i] transcribed in BYDCBG was sometimes recorded as a slightly different vowel or vowel combination in our data.
English 1950 1990
English 1950
1990
‘oil’ iht00
ihnt221 ‘cucumber’
sh:M02 sh=M02
‘mosquito net’
yh:o22 yho24
‘three-legged stand’
sbh:M00 sbh=M33
‘to borrow’ sbh22 sbhD=44
‘to lead by pulling’
srhM02 sbHM13
‘to smile’ yht02
yhDt13 ‘to ride’
jth24 jtDh24
The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data and in our data are given below.
1950 data
Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 Pitch
02 00 20 42 22 24 22, 24 24, 02
Example m`02 m`00 m`20 m`42
ju`22 s`24 y`o22, yCo24 j`o24,
jCo02 Gloss thick
field face
mother’s older
brother to cross
river to carry with
shoulder pole, small pig basket
to press between,
to catch
1990 data
Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pitch value
24 33 31 41 44 35 45 33 44 25
5.8. Guiding Gonggu