5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 531
[i] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei:
English 1950 1990
English 1950
1990
‘gold’ sbhl24
AiHl24 ‘mosquito net’
yh:o22 yho22
‘knife’ lhs02
lHs02 ‘to sew’
¯ho00 ¯hDo02
‘to taste’ srhl00
sbHl02 ‘thin’
sbh:s22 ADs22
‘to kick’ shs24
shf22 ‘to carry with
hand’ yht02
YhDt13 ‘to smile’
yht24 YhDt24
‘to ride’ jth42
jtDh42 ‘to push’
fch`M24 fcX=M20
‘eight’ oh:s22
oh=s22 The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data and in our data are given below.
1950 data
Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 Pitch
24 00 02 20 22 42 22, 24 42, 02
Example m`24 m`00 m`02 m`20
ju`22 s`42 y`o22, yCo24 j`o42, jCo02
Gloss thick field
face mother’s
older brother
to cross river
to carry with shoulder pole,
small pig basket to press
between, to catch
1990 data
Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pitch value 35 23 14 32 44 42 45 13 33
or 34
44
5.9. Huishui Danggu
With regard to initials, some words transcribed with a [ F] initial in the 1950s were recorded
with a [w], [ G], [M], or [j] initial. For example:
English 1950 1990 English
1950 1990
‘cloud’ Ft22
vt22 ‘early’
Ft`l42 vnl30
‘road’ Fnm13
vCm24 ‘bird’
Fnf0 v`o20
‘building’ F`m00
GC:m20 ‘sand’
Fd44 GhD24
‘knee’ Fn44
Gn24 ‘garlic’
Fn24 GB24
‘morning’ FCs44
M=s24 ‘to carry with hand’
Fht13 iht22
‘stone’ Fhm13
ihm24 ‘to smile’
Fht13 iht13
532 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data
Some words transcribed in BYDCBG with a [ts] initial were recorded with a [ sb] initial in our
data. Examples:
English 1950 1990
English 1950 1990
‘table’ srnM00
sbvCM31 ‘spicy’
sr`s42 sbDs31
‘pants’ srt:M13
sbvnM24 ‘weaving
machine’ srt:M00
sbvnM20 ‘to lead by
pulling’ srhM13
sbh=M4 ‘ten’
srho42 sb’Ho31
Some words transcribed with a final [ f] in BYDCBG were recorded with no final, or with a
final [k]. Examples:
English 1950 1990 English
1950 1990
‘tiger’ jtf44
jT=j24 ‘mouth’
o`f44 oC24
‘ink’ lCf00
lCj31 ‘to dry in sun’
s`f44 sC24
‘to fall’ snf44
snj24 ‘girl’
faLf44 fa=j24
‘heavy’ mCf44
mCj24 ‘deaf’
mtf44 mnj24
The differences in the nucleus of the words transcribed in the 1950s and the same words recorded in our survey are at times fairly significant. The nucleus [
L] transcribed in the 1950s was recorded as various different vowels in our data. Examples:
English 1950 1990 English
1950 1990
‘sky’ faLm13
fa=m13 ‘rain’
uLm13 u=m14
‘chopsticks’ sL42
sL=41 ‘cow’
srL00 srX20
‘tail’ FL:M13
j=CM03 ‘wing’
uL:s42 uX=s3
‘feather’ oLm13
o=m24 ‘stinkbug’
FL:s42 F=s31
‘earthworm’ fcL:m13
fcX=m24 ‘beard’
lLl42 ltl41
‘hand’ uLM00
u=M20 ‘lungs’
oLs44 o=s2
‘navel’ fcL13
fcL=24 ‘blood’
kL:s42 kL=s31
5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 533
[u] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei:
English 1950 1990 English
1950 1990
‘bear’ lth13
ldh24 ‘wind’
Ftl00 F=l20
‘rainbow’ stM00
snM10 ‘late’
kt`s44 kvCs33
‘sugar cane’ ft`h20
fvCh20 ‘tiger’
jtf44 jT=j24
‘to boil’ FtM13
FnM24 ‘pants’
srt:M13 sbvnM24
‘lock’ ktM22
knM22 ‘to hold
hug’ ftl20
f=l31 ‘bow’
jtM44 jvC:M13
‘soft’ ftm44
fT=l24 ‘deaf’
mtf44 mnj24
‘loose’ FtM24
vnM24 ‘left’
rth20 rvdh31
‘seems’ ktl22
k=l22 [o] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei in our data:
English 1950 1990
English 1950 1990
‘day’ Mnm00
MvCm20 ‘road’
Fnm13 vCm24
‘table’ srnM00
sbvCM31 ‘thorn’
fnm13 fvCm24
‘dustbin’ fcnM44
fctCM31 ‘wrong’
knM13 ktCM24
‘curved’ jn00
jCt20 ‘black’
unm20 uCm20
The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data and in our data are given below.
1950 data
Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 Pitch
13 00 22 20 44 42 44
42, 00 Example
m`13 m`00 m`22 m`20 ju`44 s`42 y`o44, yCo44 j`o42,
jCo00 Gloss thick
field face
mother’s older
brother to cross
river to carry with
shoulder pole, small pig basket
to press between,
to catch
1990 data
Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7, 9
8 10 Pitch
value 24 31 33 42 35 553 35 44 42
534 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data
5.10. Longli Yangchang