Wangmo Fuxing Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data

542 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data [i] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘dry field’ yh02 yDh13 ‘tree’ uCh11 uD31 ‘navel’ fch22 fc=M22 ‘oil’ iht00 it20 ‘scissors’ sbh`t00 sbtX20 ‘money’ bh`m00 sbDm20 ‘to hurt’ sbh`s44 sbDs33 ‘die’ s`h33 sD22 ‘yellow’ bh`m22 bDm30 ‘green’ bh`t33 bt22 ‘cold’ sbh`M11 sb`M30 ‘few’ bht22 bDt30 The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data and in our data are given below. 1950 data Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch 33 00 22 11 44 02 44 02 Example m`33 m`00 m`22 m`11 ju`44 s`02 y`o44, yCo44 j`o02, jCo02 Gloss thick field face mother’s older brother to cross river to carry with shoulder pole, small pig basket to press between, to catch 1990 data Category 1 2 3, 4 5 6 7, 8, 9 Pitch value 44 33 or 31 41 55 24 44

5.15. Wangmo Fuxing

Most of the words transcribed in the 1950s with [z] initial were transcribed with [ p]. The nucleus of several of these words also was different. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘stone’ yhm02 phm13 ‘water’ yCl20 p`l31 ‘sand’ yd24 pD24 ‘road’ yBm02 pBm13 ‘building’ y`m00 p`:m20 ‘dry field’ yh42 ph33 Most words transcribed in the 1950s with [s] were recorded in our data with [ S]. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘rice’ r`m02 S`:m13 ‘paper’ r`02 S`13 ‘garlic’ rnh24 Snh24 ‘sour’ rBl22 SBl41 ‘bamboo’ r`t20 S`:t31 ‘to weave’ r`m02 S`:m14 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 543 Some words transcribed in the 1950s with [h] were recorded in our data with [ w], and one was recorded with a [ b] initial. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘rain’ gtm02 wv=m13 ‘sea’ g`h42 b:h42 ‘rice’ gCt20 w`:t13 ‘seed’ gBm02 wBm13 ‘chin’ g`M00 w`:M20 ‘goose’ g`m24 w`:m24 The differences in the nucleus of the words transcribed in the 1950s and the same words recorded in our survey are at times fairly significant. The nucleus [ L] transcribed in the 1950s was recorded as various different vowels in our data. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘sky’ faLm02 fa=m13 ‘cloud’ uL=22 uX=42 ‘chopsticks’ sL42 sX33 ‘leaf’ fa`L02 fa`X13 ‘wing’ eL:s22 eX=s13 ‘feather’ oLm02 o=m13 ‘snake’ ML=00 MX=20 ‘earthworm’ fcL:m02 fchDm13 ‘boat’ yuL=00 pt=20 ‘to carry on back’ fL02 fX13 ‘inside’ fcCL02 fcX13 ‘to buy’ bL20 bX31 ‘girl’ faLj24 fa=j24 ‘matchmaker’ rL24 rO24 [u] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei in our data: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘rain’ gtm02 wv=m13 ‘rainbow’ btM20 bnM20 ‘goat’ it:M00 itM20 ‘belly’ stM20 snM3 ‘soft’ ftm42 fT=m24 ‘seems’ ktl22 k=l42 [e] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei in our data: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘sand’ yd24 pD24 ‘board’ odm22 oDm42 ‘cow’ bhd00 bh=20 ‘mosquito’ mdM00 mDM20 ‘to smile’ ydt02 pDt13 ‘to choose’ kd42 kD33 The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data and in our data are given below. 544 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 1950 data Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch 02 00 22 20 24 42 24 22 Example m`02 m`00 m`22 m`20 ju`24 s`42 y`o24, yCo24 j`o00, jCo00 Gloss thick field face mother’s older brother to cross river to carry with shoulder pole, small pig basket to press between, to catch 1990 data Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch value 24 42 52 31 35 33 35 34

5.16. Xingyi Bajie