Zhenning Shitouzhai Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data

5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 549 1950 data Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch 22 20 44 31 24 02 24 02 Example m`22 m`20 m`44 m`31 ju`24 s`02 y`o24, yCo24 j`o00, jCo00 Gloss thick field face mother’s older brother to cross river to carry with shoulder pole, small pig basket to press between, to catch 1990 data Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch value 33 31 55 42 35 24 35 24

5.19. Zhenning Shitouzhai

Most of the words transcribed in the 1950s with [z] initial were transcribed with [ Y]. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘root’ y`02 Y`13 ‘goat’ ytM00 YtnM20 ‘bird’ ynf02 YBj13 ‘stinkbug’ yts02 Yt=s13 ‘to vomit’ yt02 Yt13 ‘boat’ yt00 Yt20 A few words transcribed in the 1950s with [h] were recorded in our data with [ w]. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘to ask’ gCM44 wC:M33 ‘morning’ gCs44 wCs23 ‘to answer’ g`m22 w?m22 ‘goose’ g`m44 wm24 ‘to close’ gCj44 wCj44 ‘to open’ gd2 wD22 A few words transcribed in the 1950s with [ G] were recorded in our data with [F], [u], or [v] initials. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘bank river’ GCm00 FCm20 ‘hand’ GnM00 unM20 ‘evening’ GCM02 FC:M13 ‘shoulder pole’ G`m00 v?M20 The [ f] final on many words in BYDCBG was recorded as [j] in our data: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘tiger’ jnf44 jnj23 ‘bird’ ynf02 YBj13 ‘ink’ lCf02 lC:j13 ‘to fall’ snf44 snj33 ‘to steal’ yCf02 yCj13 ‘to wash’ KCf02 KCj13 550 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data The vowel [ d] transcribed in the 1950s was recorded as various different vowels in our data. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘sky’ fadm22 fa=m22 ‘year’ odh22 oh33 ‘noon meal’ Md00 MD20 ‘dry field’ Gdh44 Gh13 ‘feces’ fhd31 fhD31 ‘towel gourd’ sbd22 sbhd=22 ‘net’ bhd22 bhD34 ‘to peel’ fadh44 fah23 ‘die’ sd22 sD22 ‘to walk’ o’d31 o’D30 [u] in BYDCBG was sometimes recorded as various other vowels in our data: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘mistfog’ lt=44 ltn=33 ‘late’ kt`s44 ktCs24 ‘forest’ fctCM22 fcnM22 ‘goat’ ytM00 YtnM20 ‘stinkbug’ yts02 Yt=s13 ‘earthworm’ fctm22 fct=m22 ‘knee’ et=44 Gtn=34 ‘heart’ st`M44 snM34 The vowel [a] transcribed in BYDCBG was sometimes recorded as different vowels in our data. English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘dirt’ m`M02 mC:M13 ‘river’ s`02 sC13 ‘building’ y`m00 y?m20 ‘village’ fa`m31 faCm31 ‘fruit’ l`44 l?24 ‘horse’ l`31 lC31 ‘goose’ g`m44 wm24 ‘mosquito’ mh`M00 mhCM20 ‘body’ fc`M22 fcCM22 ‘fish’ o`22 oC22 [ =] in BYDCBG was sometimes recorded as various other vowels in our data. English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘door’ s=t22 st22 ‘chopsticks’ s=02 s?13 ‘cat’ l=t22 lCt22 ‘meat’ mt=02 mt13 ‘socks’ l=s02 l?s13 ‘to float’ G=t00 GCt20 ‘to buy’ sr=31 srD31 ‘1 st person singular’ j=t22 jt22 [i] in BYDCBG was sometimes recorded as various other vowels in our data. English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘tooth’ rh`t31 rC:t31 ‘mosquito net’ bhf44 bh=j33 ‘to rest’ bhs44 bHs33 ‘ten’ sb’hj02 sbHo13 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 551 [o] in BYDCBG was recorded as [ B] twice, and as [C:t] and [uo] once each. English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘bat’ un00 uC:t20 ‘bird’ ynf02 YBj13 ‘to go down’ ynM00 YtnM20 ‘shallow’ fanf44 faBj33 The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data and in our data are given below. 1950 data Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch 22 00 44 42 13 02 44 02 Example m`22 m`00 m`44 m`42 ju`13 s`02 y`o44, yCo44 j`o02, jCo02 Gloss thick field face mother’s older brother to cross river to carry with shoulder pole, small pig basket to press between, to catch 1990 data Category 1 2 3, 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch value 44 31 42 34 24 45 24

5.20. Ziyun Huohua