Xingyi Bajie Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data

544 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 1950 data Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch 02 00 22 20 24 42 24 22 Example m`02 m`00 m`22 m`20 ju`24 s`42 y`o24, yCo24 j`o00, jCo00 Gloss thick field face mother’s older brother to cross river to carry with shoulder pole, small pig basket to press between, to catch 1990 data Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch value 24 42 52 31 35 33 35 34

5.16. Xingyi Bajie

Most of the words transcribed in the 1950s with [z] initial were transcribed with [ Y]. The nucleus of several of these words also was different. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘boat’ yL=20 Y=30 ‘mortar’ ytl22 Ytl23 ‘to leak’ yn00 Yn30 ‘to get up’ ytm02 y=m13 ‘to go down’ ynM20 YnM30 ‘to comb’ ynh22 Yn22 Some words transcribed in the 1950s with [h] were recorded in our data with [ w], [F], [v], [l], and [ G] initials. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘morning’ gCs24 F`s24 ‘rain’ gtm22 v=m22 ‘sea’ g`h24 w`h24 ‘knee’ gn02 Gn13 ‘ginger’ ghM22 khM22 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 545 The differences in the nucleus of the words transcribed in the 1950s and the same words recorded in our survey are at times fairly significant. The nucleus [ L] transcribed in the 1950s was recorded as various different vowels in our data. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘sky’ faLm22 fa=m22 ‘cloud’ uL=24 uX24 ‘bowl’ sLh42 sXh20 ‘chopsticks’ sL00 sX20 ‘leaf’ fa`L22 faX22 ‘wing’ eL:s20 eX=s10 ‘feather’ oLm22 o=m22 ‘goat’ iL:M20 iBM30 ‘snake’ ML=20 MX=30 ‘stinkbug’ yL:s22 y=s20 ‘hand’ eLM20 e=M30 ‘lungs’ oLs24 o=s24 ‘navel’ fcL=22 fcX=22 ‘blood’ kL:s20 kX=s20 ‘bean’ suL=00 sX=20 ‘taro’ oL:j02 oX=j13 [u] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei in our data: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘wind’ ytl20 y=l31 ‘rain’ gtm22 v=m22 ‘rainbow’ btM20 bnM20 ‘goat’ it:M00 itM20 ‘to float’ et20 ehDt30 ‘beard’ ltl00 l=l20 ‘to boil’ ytM22 YnM22 ‘lock’ ktM24 knM13 [e] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei in our data: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘sand’ yd02 yD13 ‘grass’ ¯d24 ¯hD24 ‘cow’ bhd20 bh=30 ‘mosquito’ mdM20 mDM30 ‘to carry with hand’ ydt24 yht24 ‘to listen’ ¯hd22 ¯h?22 ‘to smile’ ydt22 yhDt22 ‘to push’ fcdM22 fcDM22 ‘guest’ gdj24 gDj13 ‘to warm by fire’ oidt22 oi`t22 The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data and in our data are given below. 546 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 1950 data Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch 22 20 24 42 02 00 02, 24 20, 22 Example m`22 m`20 m`24 m`42 ju`02 s`00 y`o02, yCo24 j`o20, jCo22 Gloss thick field face mother’s older brother to cross river to carry with shoulder pole, small pig basket to press between, to catch 1990 data Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pitch value 33 52 25 35 24 41 24 44 23 or 22 31

5.17. Zhenfeng Mingu