Guiding Gonggu Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data

5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 529 The vowel [i] transcribed in BYDCBG was sometimes recorded as a slightly different vowel or vowel combination in our data. English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘oil’ iht00 ihnt221 ‘cucumber’ sh:M02 sh=M02 ‘mosquito net’ yh:o22 yho24 ‘three-legged stand’ sbh:M00 sbh=M33 ‘to borrow’ sbh22 sbhD=44 ‘to lead by pulling’ srhM02 sbHM13 ‘to smile’ yht02 yhDt13 ‘to ride’ jth24 jtDh24 The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data and in our data are given below. 1950 data Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch 02 00 20 42 22 24 22, 24 24, 02 Example m`02 m`00 m`20 m`42 ju`22 s`24 y`o22, yCo24 j`o24, jCo02 Gloss thick field face mother’s older brother to cross river to carry with shoulder pole, small pig basket to press between, to catch 1990 data Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pitch value 24 33 31 41 44 35 45 33 44 25

5.8. Guiding Gonggu

Most of the words transcribed in the 1950s with [z] initial were recorded in our data with a [ Y], and one had a [n] initial. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘early’ yt`l42 Ytl42 ‘water’ yCl20 Yl20 ‘building’ y`m00 Y`m02 ‘stone’ yhm24 mhm24 ‘road’ ytCm24 Ym24 ‘dry field’ yh42 Yh42 530 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data Some words transcribed in the 1950s with [ sb] were recorded in our data with [c], [k], or [sr] initials. A few initials were palatalized. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘evening meal’ sbCt00 At02 ‘gold’ sbhl24 AiHl24 ‘spider’ sb`t24 Ait24 ‘egg’ sbCh22 Ah22 ‘bamboo hat’ sbtCo24 Ao24 ‘scissors’ sbh`t00 Ait02 ‘plow’ sbCh24 jih24 ‘money’ sbh`m00 srdm02 ‘to love’ sb`h00 ACh02 ‘drum’ sbt`M24 AtM24 ‘old’ sbd22 jiD22 ‘far’ sbCh24 Ah24 The nucleus [ L] transcribed in the 1950s was recorded as various different vowels in our data. Examples: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘sky’ faLm24 fa=m24 ‘rain’ uLm24 u=m24 ‘chopsticks’ sL42 sX42 ‘grass’ ¯L02 ¯hX13 ‘leaf’ faCL24 faX24 ‘cow’ srL00 srX02 ‘tail’ yL:M24 YX=M24 ‘snake’ ML00 MX02 ‘wing’ uL:s42 u=s22 ‘feather’ oLm24 o=m24 ‘stinkbug’ kL:s42 k=s22 ‘earthworm’ fcL:m24 fc=m24 [u] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘mistfog’ lt`f22 ln24 ‘late’ kt`s22 kns22 ‘bird’ ytCf02 YBf02 ‘road’ ytCm24 Y`m24 ‘forest’ fctCM24 fcnM24 ‘thorn’ ftCm24 fnm24 ‘goat’ it:M00 it=M02 ‘bear’ lth24 lDh24 ‘sour’ rtCl02 rl13 ‘bamboo hat’ sbtCo24 Ao24 ‘pants’ srt:M24 sbtM24 ‘dustpan’ fctCM20 fcBM20 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 531 [i] in the 1950s data was sometimes recorded as various other nuclei: English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990 ‘gold’ sbhl24 AiHl24 ‘mosquito net’ yh:o22 yho22 ‘knife’ lhs02 lHs02 ‘to sew’ ¯ho00 ¯hDo02 ‘to taste’ srhl00 sbHl02 ‘thin’ sbh:s22 ADs22 ‘to kick’ shs24 shf22 ‘to carry with hand’ yht02 YhDt13 ‘to smile’ yht24 YhDt24 ‘to ride’ jth42 jtDh42 ‘to push’ fch`M24 fcX=M20 ‘eight’ oh:s22 oh=s22 The pitch values as reported in the 1950s data and in our data are given below. 1950 data Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pitch 24 00 02 20 22 42 22, 24 42, 02 Example m`24 m`00 m`02 m`20 ju`22 s`42 y`o22, yCo24 j`o42, jCo02 Gloss thick field face mother’s older brother to cross river to carry with shoulder pole, small pig basket to press between, to catch 1990 data Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pitch value 35 23 14 32 44 42 45 13 33 or 34 44

5.9. Huishui Danggu