518 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data
Each occurrence of [e] in the 1950s data was recorded in our research as [ D]:
English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990
‘mosquito’ mdM20
mDM2 ‘tooth’
gdt24 gDt24
‘feces’ fd42
fD31 ‘towel gourd’
jud22 jvD22
‘money’ bdm20
bhDm20 ‘strength’
ydM20 pDM20
‘to hang’ udm22
uDm22 ‘to carry
with hand’ ydt24
pht24 ‘to hurt’
sbds24 sbDs24
‘to smile’ ydt22
phDt22 The difference in the tone values transcribed in the 1950s data and the tones recorded in our
data is not great. The tone values as reported in the 1950s data and our data is given below.
1950 data
Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 Pitch
22 20 24 42 13 00 24
00 Example
m`22 m`20 m`24 m`42 ju`13 s`00 y`o24, yCo24 j`o00,
jCo00 Gloss thick
field face
mother’s older
brother to cross
river to carry with
shoulder pole, small pig basket
to press between,
to catch
1990 data
Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7,
9 8, 10
Average pitch 33 41 45 52 24 13 45 22
5.2. Anshun Huangla
With regard to initials, some words transcribed with a [v] initial in BYDCBG were recorded with a [w] initial. For example:
English 1950 1990 English 1950 1990
‘mistfog’ ut44
vT24 ‘rain’
uLm00 v=m22
‘poor’ un44
vn24 ‘to mend’
utM00 vt=M02
Most words transcribed with a [z] initial in BYDCBG survey were recorded in our survey with [
p].
English 1950 1990
English 1950 1990
‘wind’ yLl20
p=l20 ‘water’
yl42 p`l31
‘stone’ yLl00X
p=:m13 ‘sand’
yd13 phD24
‘road’ ym20
p`:m20 ‘room’
y`m20 p`:m20
5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data 519
Some of the words transcribed with the initial [s] in BYDCBG were recorded with a [ S] or [b].
Many of these words also were recorded with different nuclei. Examples:
English 1950 1990
English 1950 1990
‘four’ rh13
ShDh24 ‘intestines’
r`h00 S`nh33
‘male’ r`h00
S`:h13 ‘left’
rth42 StDh31
‘clean’ rh00
S`:h13 ‘to be’
rh00 bhDh02
The [ L] nucleus transcribed in BYDCBG was recorded as [=] in our data. Examples:
English 1950 1990
English 1950 1990
‘sky’ faLm00
fa=m13 ‘wind’
yLl20 p=l20
‘rain’ uLm00
v=m22 ‘stone’
yLl00 p=:m13
‘duck’ oLs13
o=s24 ‘wing’
Fls22 F=s22
‘feather’ oLm22
o=m13 ‘tongue’
kLm42 k=m31
The nucleus [u] transcribed in BYDCBG was sometimes recorded as other nuclei in our data. Examples:
English 1950 1990 English
1950 1990
‘rainbow’ stM20
stnM20 ‘pants’
srtM00 sbtnM13
‘goat’ itM20
itnM20 ‘pig’
lt00 ltnt02
‘to boil’ ytM00
ptnM13 ‘brain’
ftj13 fT=j13
‘door’ st00
stnt12 ‘blood’
kts22 kt=s22
‘earthworm’ fctm00
fcT=m13 ‘to drink’
fcts13 St=s22
‘salt’ jt00
jvnt13 ‘drum’
jt`M00 jv`M102
‘to ride’ jth22
jvDh22 ‘nine’
jt44 jvnt33
‘to cut grass’ jt`m20
jv`m20 ‘to rest’
it13m`h13 ih33m`:h3
520 5. Comparison of 1990s data with 1950s data
The nucleus [i] transcribed in BYDCBG was recorded in our data as various other nuclei. Examples:
English 1950 1990
English 1950 1990
‘star’ fc`h13
fch13 fc:t22
fchdh20 ‘fan’
oh20 ohDh30
‘year’ oh00
ohdh12 ‘tail’
yhM00 ph=M13
‘one’ fhs13
fihDs24 ‘Bouyei
people’ ot31fh42
ot20 fidh31
‘hungry’ fhj13
fi=f24 ‘fat’
oh20 ohDh31
‘grass’ ¯h44
¯dh33 ‘money’
sbh`m20 sbDm30
‘scissors’ sbh`t20
sb`t30 ‘to smile’
yht42 pht33
‘to stretch out’ fhs13
fiDs23 ‘to have’
kh42 khdh31
Below is a summary of the tonal pitch values of Anshun Huangla from BYDCBG and from our data.
1950 data
Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 Pitch
00 20 44 42 13 22 13
22 Example
m`00 m`20 m`44 m`13 ju`13 s`22 y`o13, yo13 j`o22,
jo22 Gloss thick
field face
mother’s older
brother to cross
river to carry with
shoulder pole, small pig basket
to press between,
to catch
1990 data
Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7,
9 8,
10 Pitch
value 13 31 44 42 24 33 24 33
5.3. Ceheng Huarong