BAB III IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN KANDUNGAN
FITOKIMIA TIGA BELAS AKSESI HANDEULEUM
3.1 Abstrak
Secara teori, penerimaan serangga terhadap tanaman inangnya bergantung pada kombinasi komposisi senyawa kimia dan morfologi tanaman yang bersifat
stimulan dan deterrent bagi serangga. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut terhadap beberapa karakter morfologi serta kandungan fitokimia sebagai
langkah identifikasi awal mekanisme resistensi 13 aksesi handeuleum terhadap Doleschallia bisaltide
Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan komposisi fitokimia 13 aksesi handeuleum setelah terserang
larva D. bisaltide. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2009- Februari 2010 bertempat di BALITTRO dan IPB. Masing-masing aksesi dibagi menjadi dua
kelompok. Kelompok pertama langsung dipanen tanpa perlakukan sampel daun sebelum terserang, kelompok kedua diinfestasikan larva instar III D. bisaltide
selama sehari kemudian dipanen sampel daun setelah terserang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat variasi pada karakter luas area daun total, keragaan dan
kerapatan trikoma, serta kandungan fitokimia 13 aksesi tanaman handeuleum. Serangan D. bisaltide mempengaruhi komposisi pigmen tanaman, senyawa alkaloid,
tanin, triterpenoid, flavonoid, steroid, glikosida, saponin; rasio CN, kalsium, dan serat 13 aksesi tanaman handeuleum. Produksi senyawa tanin, alkaloid, dan
glikosida diduga bersifat konstitutif, sedangkan triterpenoid, flavonoid, saponin, dan steroid diduga diproduksi tanaman secara inducible. Korelasi yang erat terjadi antara
antosianin, klorofil, dan karotenoid; N dan CN rasio; serta antara triterpenoid dan steroid.
Kata Kunci: komposisi fitokimia, morfologi, handeuleum
Abstract
Theoretically, insect acceptability to host plant depends on composition combination of phytochemical and plant morphology which can act as a stimulant or
deterrent to that insect. So that, by this research, we want to analyze some of morphology and phytochemical characters of caricature plant as early identification
to find out resistance mechanism of 13 accessions of caricature plant to Doleschallia bisaltide Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae. The objective of this research was to identify
changing of phytochemical composition of 13 caricature plant accessions after D. bisaltide larva attack. The research conducted at BALITRO and IPB since November
2009- December 2009. Each accession was divided into two parts. The first part was harvested without treatment as non attack samples. The second part, leaf was
infested by instar III D.bisaltide larva during a day then harvested as attack samples. The Result revealed there were variations on total leaf wide, morphology
and number of trikoma, and phytochemical composition characters among 13
20 caricature plant accessions. D. bisaltide attack influences composition of plant
pigments, alkaloids, tannin, triterpenoid, flavonoids, steroid, glycosides, saponin; CN ratio, calcium, and cellulose of 13 accessions. Tannin, alkaloids, and glycosides
were produced constitutively, while triterpenoid, flavonoids, saponin, and steroid were produced inducible. There are significant correlation value between
anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotenoid; N and CN ratio; and also between triterpenoids and steroid.
Key words: phytochemical composition, morphology, caricature plant
3.2 Pendahuluan
Kategori