Semantic Strategy Translation Strategies

III. Descriptive Equivalent This strategy is applied when the cultural equivalent is not able to give the equivalent meaning and the SL word is much related to certain culture of the SL. This strategy is trying to describe the meaning and function of the SL word. One example is the word „samurai‟ in Japanese. It is not translated into aristocrat in English, but translated into a Japanese aristocrat from the eleventh to nineteenth century Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:73; translated. IV. Synonym Synonym is a translation strategy that is used when a TL word has the similar or nearly the same meaning in an SL word. One example is in the word “cute” in “What a cute baby you’ve got” which is translated into lucu in Indonesia. Hence, the sentence becomes “Alangkah lucunya bayi Anda” Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:73-74; translated. V. Formal Translation This strategy can be applied by using the formal translation that has been standardized in translating SL words. The standardized official translation of Bahasa Indonesia is compiled in “Pedoman Nama dan kata Asing” which is issued by Pusat Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Depdikbud R.I. For example, „read-only memory‟ is translated into „memori simpan tetap‟ in that book Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:74; translated. VI. Narrowing and Broadening Narrowing is translation strategy that the word component of the SL is reduced or narrowed in the TL. For example, the word „automobile‟ in English is translated into „mobil‟ in Indonesia. The word component „auto‟ is omitted. Meanwhile, broadening is the opposite of narrowing, because broadening is a translation strategy that the word component of the SL is broadened in the TL. For example, the word „whale‟ in English is translated into „ikan paus‟ in Indonesian. The word „ikan‟ =fish is added because if „whale‟ is translated into „paus‟ it may refers to different meaning. In Indonesia, „paus‟ refers to „the Pope‟ Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:74; translated. VII. Addition This strategy is different from the addition strategy in the structural strategies. Addition as semantic strategy will give extra information in order to create the clarity of meaning. This addition can be set as footnote or in the last part of the text. For example: SL : The skin, which is hard and scaly, is grayish in color, thus helping to camouflage it from the predators when underwater. TL : Kulitnya, yang keras dan bersisik, berwarna abu-abu. Dengan demikian, kulit ini membantunya berkamuflase, menyesuaikan diri dengan keadaan lingkungan untuk menyelamatkan diri dari predator, hewan pemangsa, jika berada di dalam air. In the translation above, the additional information is given to explain the meaning of the word camouflage and predators Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:74-75; translated. VIII. Omission or Deletion Omission or deletion is a translation strategy that there is words or parts of SL text which is omitted or deleted in the TL text. In other word, omission or deletion means words or parts in the SL text is not translated in the TL text. This strategy is done when the meaning carried by the word is not significant toward the text development Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:75; translated. For example: SL : “Sama dengan raden ayu ibunya,” katanya lirih. TL : “Just like her mother,” she whispered. IX. Modulation Modulation is a strategy to translate phrases, clauses, or sentences. With this strategy, a translator regards and sees the message in the SL sentence with different viewpoint. This strategy is applied when literal translation creates an unsuitable equivalence translation. One example is „I broke my leg‟ in English is translated into „kakiku patah‟ =my leg is broken in Indonesian. In this translation, the focus is on the leg object not I subject, Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:75-76; translated.

c. Literal Translation

In general, literal translation is a translation strategy that prioritizes the equivalent word or expression in the TL which has the same meaning with the SL word or expression Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:40; translated. Translation strategies and theory of literal translation based on Suryawinata and Hariyanto above are used as guidelines to decide what kind of strategies used in translating words, phrases, and sentence related to culinary terms on Indonesian food articles in bilingual magazine Enak:Jogja Culinary Guide.

C. Theoretical Framework

The theoretical reviews applied in this study are the theory on the definition of translation, the definition on acceptability, the definition and kinds of translation strategies and the acceptability indicator, score and category. The definition of translation by Newmark and Nida and Taber are applied as the basic understanding about the topic discussed in this study. The definition of acceptability by Bell and Munday and the acceptability indicator, score and category formulated by the researcher which is based on Nababan’s translation assessment indicator are applied to see and find out the acceptability of the translation as stated in the first problem formulation. The definition and kinds of translation strategies by Surywinata and Hariyanto are applied to see and find out the translation strategies used in translation process as stated in the second problem formulation. The third problem formulation can be answered by analyzing the result of the discussion of the first and second problems. 22

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Areas of Research

This study applies the research area of text analysis and translation. The analysis of translated texts involves the textual comparison of a translation with its original Williams and Chesterman, 2002:6. The focus of this study is on the relation between the acceptability of English translation and the translation strategies applied in translating words, phrases and sentences related to culinary terms on Indonesian food articles in bilingual magazine Enak: Jogja Culinary Guide.

B. Object of the Study

The objects of the study were words, phrases and sentences related to culinary terms on Indonesian food articles in bilingual magazine Enak: Jogja Culinary Guide, especially the words, phrases and sentences related to culinary terms. Culinary terms in this study refer to names of main dish, condiment, ingredient, and taste of food. Enak: Jogja Culinary Guide magazine is a monthly bilingual magazine that provides a lot of information about culinary of Yogyakarta. Its first volume was published on September 2013. This magazine discusses and reviews many places to eat where readers can get delicious food. This magazine provides updates of new restaurants or places to eat, certain food which is reviewed and disscused in detail, and information of places with recommended dessert which are called as sweet spots. Every volume of this magazine always discusses about local food, whether Yogyakarta food or Indonesian food. Then, there is also a part in the magazine which shows the interview between this magazine and an expert in culinary, for example in volume 13, this magazine interviews a most well known barista in Jogja. This magazine also provides several recommended restaurants in Yogyakarta, restaurant reviews and Yogyakarta culinary map.

C. Method of the Study

The method used in this study was the combination of two kinds of research. Those were the field research through questionnaire and library research. In this study, a field research by using questionnaires was used to find out the translation acceptability, whether the translation was acceptable or not. Meanwhile the library research was needed to obtain information and theories that could support the analysis in this study. The library research was also used to find out and analyze the translation strategy applied on this case of translation and its relation with acceptability. The data in this study were primary data. It meant that the data were not taken from other studies, but the data were taken first-hand from the bilingual magazine Enak: Jogja Culinary Guide.