them which is used and considered as translation strategy. All examples shown in the following explanation are taken from Suryawinata and Hariyanto’s book.
a. Structural Strategies
Structural strategies are translation strategies in matter of sentence structure. Most of these strategies are obligatory, because if they are not applied,
the translation is grammatically unacceptable in the target language, or even unnatural. Structural strategies are divided into three kinds of strategies, those are
addition, substraction, and transposition Suryawinata and Hariyanto; 2003:67; translated.
I. Addition
Addition in structural strategy is adding some words in the target language because the grammar or structure of the target language requires the addition. This
addition is not considered as choice, but it is a necessity. For example: SL
: Ibuku guru. TL
: My mother is a teacher. In the example above, the addition word “is” and “a” are necessarily in the target
language with the intention of creating an acceptable translation in the grammar of English. In the following example, the addition word “do” is necessarily for the
same reason Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:67-68; translated. SL
: Saya tidak membeli mobil itu. TL
: I do not buy that car.
II. Substraction
The application of substraction is ommiting some structural elements in the target language. It is the same as addition, the substraction in the translation is
done for the reason of grammar requirement. For examples: SL
: They should go home. TL
: Mereka harus pulang. SL
: Her husband is an engineer. TL
: Suaminya insinyur. In the examples above, the structural elements “go” and “is an” are ommited in
the TL Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:68; translated. III.
Transposition Transposition as translation strategy is applied to translate clause or
sentence. It is different from the two strategies before, addition and substraction, this strategy can be considered as a requirement or choice. Transposition is
considered as requirement if without this strategy, the message is not equivalent between the SL and TL. Nevertheless, transposition is considered as a choice if
without using transposition, the message of the SL can be accepted by the reader of the TL.
By applying this strategy, a translator changes the original structure of the SL sentence in order to get equivalent translation in the TL. The transposition or
changes is applied when there is a difference between the SL structure and TL structure. This strategy is usually used to change the plural form into singular
form, the position of adjective, even change the whole sentence structure.
