Structural Strategies Translation Strategies
Separation of a sentence in the SL into two or more sentences in the TL, or unnification of two or more sentences in the SL into a sentence in the TL is
included in this strategy too. The following example shows that the change of adjective position in the
noun phrase and the change of plural form into singular form are obligatory for a translator.
SL : Musical instruments can be divided into two basic groups.
TL : Alat musik bisa dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dasar.
In the example above, the position of adjective in the noun phrases “musical instruments” and “two basic groups” are changed. In English grammar, adjective
is used to explain the noun and must be placed before the noun. In other words, the noun head is placed after the adjective or modifier. Conversely, in Indonesian
grammar, generally the noun head is placed before the adjective or modifier. In the noun phrase
“alat musik”, the noun “alat” is placed before the modifier “musik”. The explanation can be described as follows:
musical instruments = alat musik two basic groups
= dua kelompok besar Besides the change of the adjective position, there are also two change of
plural form into singular form in the translation above. “Instruments” plural is
translated into “alat” singular and “groups” plural into “kelompok” singular.
Transposition is also applied when the sentence structure of the SL is does not exist in the sentence structure of the TL. This transposition is only applied on
sentence. For example:
SL : I find it more difficult to translate a poem than an article.
TL : Bagi saya menerjemahkan puisi lebih sulit daripada
menerjemahkan artikel. SL
: It is a great mistake to keep silent about the matter. TL
: Berdiam diri tentang masalah itu merupakan kesalahan besar. In English, a sentence may consist of two or more than two clauses but the
message and meaning is still clear and obvious. In the contrary, in Bahasa Indonesia, a sentence will be unclear if the sentence consists of more than two
clauses. For example: SL
: Some species are very large indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 30 m in length, is the largest animal to have lived on earth.
Superficially, the whale looks rather like a fish, but there are important differences in its external structure: its tail consists of a
pair of broad, flat, horizontal paddles the tail of a fish is vertical and it has a single nostril on the top of its large, broad head.
TL 1 : Beberapa spesies sangatlah besar dan paus biru, yang bisa mencapai panjang lebih dari 30 meter, adalah binatang terbesar
yang pernah hidup di bumi. Sepintas ikan paus tampak mirip ikan biasa, namun bila dicermati terdapat perbedaan pokok pada struktur
luarnya: ekornya terdiri dari sepasan g “sirip” lebar, pipih, dan
mendatar ekor ikan tegak dan ia mempunyai satu lubang hidung di atas kepalanya yang besar dan lebar.
TL 2 : Beberapa spesies sangatlah besar. Ikan paus biru, yang bisa mencapai panjang lebih dari 30 meter, adalah binatang terbesar
yang pernah hidup di bumi. Sepintas ikan paus tampak mirip ikan biasa, namun bia dicermati terdapat perbedaan pokok pada struktur
luarnya. Ekornya terdiri dari sepasang “sirip” lebar, pipih, dan mendatar sementara ekor ikan biasa tegak. Ikan paus mempunyai
satu lubang hidung di atas kepalanya yang besar dan lebar. The example above shows that transposition of the adjective is applied but the
transposition of sentence is not applied in the TL 1. Meanwhile, in the TL 2, the sentences of the SL are divided into two or more sentences in the TL. As a result,
the message and meaning is delivered more clearly Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:68-70; translated.