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Forum Tahunan Pengembangan Iptek dan Inovasi Nasional V, Tahun 2015
2.2 Cases study evidences
i
Innovation in capital goods firms
Product innovation in Indonesian capital goods firms are conduted as the improvement of existing machineries products. It is the results of informal learning
without
conducting formal RD activity to create minor innovations, which
is ‘new to the firm’ innovations — rather than ‘new to the market’. The innovation is stimulated by the limited co-operative arrangements by producer, supplier and consultant.
The producers-users interaction are in the forms of exchange in goods and information as well as cooperation to stimulate innovation. Some cases of upgrading machines and related technologies in capital
goods firms are as follows: i co-development of new machines by users-producers interaction, i.e. the modification of Fluidized Bed Combustion technique; ii collaboration between user-producers in upgrading
or customizing standard machines, i.e. supplying control panel; and iii development of new machines, equipments and tools, i.e. development of Nozzle Air Distributor, power plant, passenger boarding bridge
and medical device USG. The main driver of technological learning in the capital goods firms is the vision of top management. Aminullah, 2014
ii
Innovation in natural resource based firms
Some natural resources based firms has conducted product innovation driven by internationalization of production network through outward FDI. The natural resouce based MNEs are in the areas of foods and
natural cosmetics. The MNEs have developed their owned knowledge capability then transferred and adapted the knowledge to host countries. The firms conduct product innovation with RD activity, either
with intramural or extramural RD. A large food firm
does not has its own RD
facilities and generally conduct product innovation through extramural RD by collaborating with other innovation sources, such
as universities and research institutions. The food firm provides full RD financing and buy the intelectual property on the product inovation conducted by universities.While annother food firm has invested in RD
facility and allocated intramural RD financing for developing new product innovation.
Then, the natural cosmetic firm has grown from a small firm to a large firm then expanded to MNEs by developing various
product innovation with internal RD activity. Aminullah, 2013 iii
Innovation in bio-based chemical firms
Biobased chemical firms acquire, develop, and accumulate knowledge and technology through interactive learning among RD unit, production, marketing units inside the firms, as well as interaction
with external sources of knowledge universities, research institution, suppliers, and users. The large scale of firm acquires knowledge basically through RD activities, monitoring of scientific advancement, and
technology spillover, but for the small firms gain knowledge and technology through learning by DUI doing, using, and interacting inside their small laboratory. The biobased chemical firms develop
technology by conducting RD activities to solve the negative environmental impact, to find effective pest control, and to improve soil fertility as well as to meet the standard of safety and security of biobased
chemical products. Innovation in the biobased chemical product is driven by: i. solving the environmental problems induced by petroleum-based products, ii. finding innovative raw material supply; and iii.
developing processing technology to meet the standard of safety and security in biobased chemical products. Supporting the chemical firms to interact with public RD and university is important to promote
technological innovation through RD. The enabling factors of biobased chemical products innovation are the availability of scientists and researchers in university to conduct research collaboration in
firm’s RD unit. Aminullah, 2015
3. RD intensity and economic prosperity
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