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Forum Tahunan Pengembangan Iptek dan Inovasi Nasional V, Tahun 2015
FUTURE TRENDS OF RD INTENSITY AND GDP PER CAPITA US000 IN INDONESIA 2012-2045
TIME
RDpGDP GDPpCAP
1990 1995
2000 2005
2010 2015
2020 2025
2030 2035
2040 2045
RDpGDP GDPpCAP
0,080 0,000
RDpGDP GDPpCAP
0,208 5,000
RDpGDP GDPpCAP
0,336 10,00
RDpGDP GDPpCAP
0,464 15,00
RDpGDP GDPpCAP
0,592 20,00
RDpGDP GDPpCAP
0,720 25,00
Source: the simulation results of EGRI model, 2015
South Kore a 1990-2013
TIM E
GN IpC ap RDpGDP
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 GNIpCap
RDpGDP 6.000
1,60 GNIpCap
RDpGDP 9.800
1,98 GNIpCap
RDpGDP 13.600
2,36 GNIpCap
RDpGDP 17.400
2,74 GNIpCap
RDpGDP 21.200
3,12 GNIpCap
RDpGDP 25.000
3,50
future past
Although Indonesia is rich in natural resources and biodiversity but it seems would be unsuccessful to exploit promising technology through RD activities. Indonesia would face the
“uneven phenomenon” of high prosperity with moderate RD intensity, that is high living standard with GDP percapita of US 24
thousand coincides with technological dependence society. The medium figure of RD intensity around 0.72 of GDP generally relate to moderately innovative society. It is the feature of a country still buy
much and make less in fulfiling of people needs for products and services. Indonesia could prosper and be strong in term of GDP parallel with unhealthy condition due to lack of nutrient in technological learning
with RD intensity.
4. Balance of infrastructure quality and RD intensity
4.1 Relationship between infrastructurue quality and RD intensity
The development of infrastucture in EGRI model represented by construction investment which covers investment for:
first
category of buildings such as industrial factories and warehouses, commercial retail and leisure facilities, offices all office workspaces, including in mixed-use, public education, health
and administration, residential houses and apartments, dam agricultural irrigation miscellaneous; and
second
category of infrastructure such as utilities energy, water and waste generation, processing, distribution and collection networks and plants, rail tracks and sleepers, bridges road and rail bridges,
airports, harbours miscellaneous.
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Forum Tahunan Pengembangan Iptek dan Inovasi Nasional V, Tahun 2015
As described in section one, the country with better infrastructure will have active innovation through RD, thus the more sophisticated the infrastructures tend to have higher RD expenditure and the
more competitveness the industries. Then, the more industries with the globally competitive product and service the more they spend on RD to meet very high demand in global market. The relationship between
infrastructure quality and RD intesity is depicted in Graph 8.
Private RD mostly in industrial sector would increase by more than three times from the amount of Rp 3.3 trillions in 2010 to become Rp 11.6 trillions in 2020 and national RD expenditure
will become 0.22 of GDP in 2020. The prerequisites to realize this estimation are:
first,
implementation of government institutional supports tax incentive for RD activities;
second,
committed private sector to grow through innovation with RD activities not satify with what they have been very succesfully doing
before through innovation with low or without RD activity. Aminullah, 2014
4.2 Industrial and economic impacts of construction investment
