Venturimeter dengan Manometer Pipa Pitot

Fluida 159 Rangkuman :6C6CB:FIE66C7:G6F6L6L6C7::F?6E696 GI6HIE:FBI66C9769:C6CAI6G6L6 , :6C6C =9FDGH6H6 B:FIE66C H:6C6C L6C 96A6BM6H86FE696:96A6B6CH:FH:CHI :6C6C =9FDGH6H6G6C6H9E:C6FI=DA:=6L6F6JH6G 96C:96A6B6C6F , IIB+6G86AB:CL6H66C76=K6H:6C6CL6C 97:F6CE696GI6HIM6H86F96A6BFI6CH:FHIHIE 9H:FIG6CG6B67:G6F:G:6A66F6= +FCGE:F?6 9DCF6=9FDA96CE:C6C6H=9FDA7::F?6 7:F96G6F6CIIB+6G86A IIBF8=B:9:G7:F7ICL7:C96L6CH:F8:AIE : 96A6B ;AI96 M6H 86F 76 G:766C 6H6IEIC G:AIFI=CL666CB:C6A6B6L6:6H6GG:7:G6F 7:F6HM6H86FL6C9EC96=6CDA:=7:C96H:FG:7IH 6L6 : 6H6G C 9G:7IH 6L6 F8=B:9:G L6C 7:G6FCL69CL6H66CG:7667:FIH 76H696CL66L6F8=B:9:GE6967:C96L6C B6GI:96A6BM6H86F696H6:BICC6CL6C 66CH:F?69E6967:C96L6HI 6 7:C96B:C6EIC?61 7 7:C96B:A6L6C?61 8 7:C96H:C:A6B?61 IIBF8=B:9:G9H:F6E6CE696:C96F66C A6IH96CI96F6G:E:FHE:F6=I96C76ADCI96F6 :6C6CE:FBI66CM6H86FH:F?696F:C6696CL6 D=:G6L6H6F B:C6F6CH6FE6FH:AG:?:CG :?6A66EA6FH6G696A6=E:FGHK6C66H6IHIFICCL6 E:FBI66CM6H86FB:A6AIAI76C AI76C:8A6H6I 6EA:F CM6H86F996A6BEE66EA:F696A6= - 8DG 1GDGH6G 6H6I ::CH6A6C 696A6= :G:6C L6C 9BADA:=;AI96 IIB .HD:G B:CL6H66C 76=K6 ;AI96 9:6A 696A6=;AI96L6CH96B:BAJGDGH6GG:=C6 7:C96L6C7:F:F6996A6BCL6H96B:C6A6B 6L6:G: .:76ACL6E696;AI96L6CB:BA JGDGH6G66CH:F?696L6:G:L6C9C6B66C 6L6GHD:G G :8:E6H6C H:FBC6A L6C 96A6B 7:C96 :H6 7:F:F696A6B;AI96L6CB:BAJGDGH6G696A6= +696;AI96L6C7:F:F67:FA6I 6 +:FG6B66CDCHCIH6G 7 IIB:FCDIAA DCGH6C IIB:FCDIAA9B6C;66H6CE696 6 6A6HE:CL:BEFDHD76HCL6BI 7 96L66C6HE696G6L6EE:G6K6HH:F76C 8 6F7IF6HDF 9 EE6J:CHIF : J:CHIFB:H:F9:C6CB6CDB:H:F96C ; EE6EHDH Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XI 160 Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda tentu dapat mengetahui konsep tekanan pada zat cair, hukum-hukum yang berlaku baik pada zat cair yang diam maupun pada zat cair yang bergerak. Dari materi-materi yang ada pada bab ini, bagian manakah yang menurut Anda paling sulit Refleksi dipahami? Coba Anda diskusikan dengan teman atau guru Fisika Anda. Dalam bab ini, dijelaskan pula beberapa manfaat dari konsep yang dibahas. Coba sebutkan manfaat yang Anda peroleh setelah mempelajari materi pada bab ini. Peta Konsep AI96C6BG AI96.H6HG :6C6C9FDGH6HG IIBF8=B:9:G :6C6C+:FBI66C IIB+6G86A 6EA6FH6G AI969:6A +:FG6B66CDCHCIH6G +:FG6B66C:FCDIAA O 6L6C6H+:G6K6H O 67IC1:CHIF O +E6+HDH +:FG6B66C1GDGH6G B:B76=6G B:B76=6G 96C6E B:C=6GA6C 96EA6G6C E696 Fluida 161 .::EC B6H6 I6C AD6B ?6 98:AIE6C 96A6B ;AI969:C6C A 8B B:C6A6B6L6: 6H6GG:7:G6F 698:AIE6C96A6B;AI96 9:C6C B 8B B:C6A6B6L6F8=B:9:GG:7:G6F +:F76C9C6C:9I66L6H:FG:7IHL6HI 7:FCA6 6 9 7 : 8 9FDB:H:F696A6=6A6HICHIB:CIIF 6 :8:E6H6CM6H86F 9 :96A6B6CM6H86F 7 :8:E6H6C6G : B6GG6?:CGM6H86F 8 ::CH6A6CM6H86F .:EDHDC6LIH:F6EICE696E:FBI66C6F 6 766CJDAIB:CL6HB7IA96H6GE:FBI66C6F 6F 8B B6GG6?:CG6LIH:FG:7IH696A6= 6 B 9 B 7 B : B 8 B +E60BIA6 BIA69G6FF6G6L6CB:BAB6GG6?:CG 8B 6FEE60H:FG:7IH9G9:C6C86F6C G:HC8BG:=C6E:F7:966CE:FBI66C6FF6G6 :9I66 8B 6GG6?:CG86F6CH:FG:7IH696A6= 6 8B 9 8B 7 8B : 8B 8 8B :G6FCL6 6L6 : 6H6G L6C 96A6B DA:= G:EDHDC H:B766 7:FJDAIB: 8B 96C 7:F696 9 96A6B BCL6L6CB6GG6?:CGCL68B 696A6= 6 9 7 : 8 +:CG6E B:BAAI6G E:C6BE6CB L6C 7:F:F6 7:76G H6CE6 :G:6C G:=C6 96E6H B:C:6CE:6GG:?6I= , 6CA6DCGH6CH6E:6G B96CB6GG6 ?:CGM6H86FB E6C?6C , 6 B 9 B 7 B : B 8 B .:7I6=6I6FIB9G6FB:A6AIG:7I6=:F6CL6C 9:7HCL6AH:FE:FG:DC :FCL6H6696AI76CL6C AI6GCL6 8B H:E6H996G6F6866I6FIB C 6FB6GBIB96A6B6I6FIBH:FG:7IH696A6= 6 8B 9 8B 7 8B : 8B 8 8B .:7I6=7:C96H:F6EIC96H6GE:FBI66C6FL6C 9A6EGBCL6 .:76CL6JDAIB:7:C967:F696 996A6B6F996A6BBCL696CGG6CL67:F696 96H6GE:FBI66CBCL6 6B6GG6?:CGBCL6 8B B6GG6?:CG7:C96H:FG:7IH696A6= 6 8B 9 8B 7 8B : 8B 8 8B FB:C6AFB:A:K6HEE6J:CHIFB:H:FG:E:FHE696 6B76F7:FIHC 6AI6GE:C6BE6C 96C B6GC B6GC8B 96C8B 96C BG :8:E6H6C6F L6C B:B6GIEE6J:CHIFB:H:F696A6= 6 BG 9 BG 7 BG : BG 8 BG +:F=6H6C6B76F7:FIHC :6C6C9EE6 96CEE6 7:FHIFIH HIFIH 96C 96EIC 96C B:FIE6 6C :8:E6H6C 6AF6C 6F E696 EE6 96C 6 G:AG=HCE:FBI66C6F E696EE6 96CG:7:G6F 96CB6GG6?:CG6FG:7:G6F 9E:FDA:==I7IC6C 6 P 9 7 P : P 8 P .:7I6= EE6 6EA:F L6C 7:F96B:H:F BB 9B6GI6CH:6AIFIG:96A6B7:?6C6L6C7:FG F6G6B6GG6?:CG 8B .I9IHDCH6 6CH6F6F6G69:C6CEE6696A6= NGCN 6H:6C6CE:FBI66CM6H86F696A6=B E:CIFIC6C :HC6C F6G6 96A6B EE6 6EA:F 9=HIC96FE:FBI66CM6H86F96A6B7:?6C6 BG 696A6= 6 8B 9 8B 7 8B : 8B 8 8B ..012,,-,00 1 m x P 45 cm v A 1 A 2 h v 1 P 1 v 2 P 2 Tes Kompetensi Bab 6 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XI 162 .I6HIGGH:BE:CL:966C6F=6FIGB6BEIB:CLIEA6 6FG6BE6E696:HC6CBG:86F6H:6AIFIG :F6E66=H:6C6CL6C9E:FAI6CICHIB:C86E6 :HC6CH:FG:7IH :F6HG:7I6=7:C969I96F6 69HB76C 996A6B6F7:F6HCL6 :BI96C7:C96H:FG:7IH 9HB76C996A6BBCL6 8B 6 :F6E66=JDAIB:7:C96H:FG:7IH 7 :F6E66=7:F6H7:C96996A6BBCL6 +696G:7I6=DA6BL6C766C96G6FCL67:FIIF6C Q B9HI6C6CB 6F 8B 6 :F6E66=HC6F996A6BDA6BHI 7 :F6E66=6L6L6C7::F?6E69696G6FDA6B 8 :F6E66=6L6L6C7::F?6E696G:H6E9C9C DA6B +:F7:966CHC6FF6G696A6BB6CDB:H:FG:7I6= J:CHIFB:H:F696A6=8B 6AI6GE:C6BE6CEE6 7:G6F 8B 96CEE6:8A 8B 6F B 96CB6GG6?:CG6FF6G6 Q B BG =HICA6=:8:E6H6C6AF6C6FG66HHI .:7I6=DA6B9:C6CJDAIB:B 96A6B:6966C DGDC96AF6FA:K6HG:A6CEA6GHL6C7:FE:C6BE6C 8B 66FB:C6AF9:C6C:8:E6H6C BGG:H:A6= 7:F6E69:H6=DA6BH:FG:7IHE:CI= 1,-2-0, .:7I6= AD6B 7:F7:CHI 7DA6 7:F?6F ?6F 8B 7:F:F6 J:FH6A : 76K6= 9:C6C :A6?I6C H:H6E G:7:G6F8BG 6B6GG6?:CG;AI96B B6GG6 ?:CG 7DA6 Q B 96C E:F8:E6H6C F6JH6G IB BG D:;G:C JGDGH6G ;AI96 H:FG:7IH696A6= 6 +6 G 9 +6 G 7 +6 G : +6 G 8 +6 G :H6=I6FGH:C6=H:H:G6F=I?6CBBB6GG6 ?:CGI96F6 B 96CD:;G:CJGDGH6GI96F6 Q P +6G 6 BG :8:E6H6CH:FBC6A G:H:A6=6F=I?6CL6C?6HI=696A6= 6 BG 9 BG 7 BG : BG 8 BG .:7I6=C:F686E:6G9E66ICHIB:CB76C7:C96 I96F6C:F686B:CIC?I6CG6A6 .:H:A6= 7:C96 9B6GI6C : 96A6B 6F 8B C:F686 B:CIC?I6C 6C6 1DAIB: 7:C96 H:FG:7IH696A6= 6 Q P B 9 Q P B 7 Q P B : Q P B 8 Q P B .:F6C696E6H7:F9F96H6GE:FBI66C6F676H 696CL6 6 6L6F8=B:9:G 9 6L6F:6C6C 7 6L6+6G86A : G;6H6EA6FH6G 8 H:6C6CE:FBI66C +:G6K6HH:F76C96E6HB:C6C6G66F:C6 6 6L66C6HB:GCE:G6K6HH:F76C 7 HH7:F6HE:G6K6HH:F76C97:A66C 8 E:F7:966CH:6C6C6AF6CI96F696H6G9:C6C 976K6=E:G6K6HH:F76C 9 E:FI76=6CBDB:CHIBE:G6K6HH:F76C : 7:F6HI96F6L6C9EC96=6CA:7=7:G6F96FE696 7:F6HE:G6K6HH:F76C .:7I6=E:G6K6HH:F76C9:C6CAI6GE:C6BE6CG6L6E B 7:F:F6 G:=C6 B:C=6GA6C E:F7:966C :8:E6H6C6AF6CI96F6E696766C6H6GG6L6EE:G6K6H 96C766C76K6=CL6B6GC B6GC7:G6FCL6BG 96CBG :G6FCL66L66C6HE:G6K6H?6B6GG6 ?:CGI96F6 B 696A6= 6 9 7 : 8 I6GE:C6BE6C:F6CE696G:7I6=76696A6=8B 6A6B 9:H6FL6CH:FH6BEIC976H:FG:7IH 696A6= AH:F :8:E6H6CF6H6 F6H66FL6C:AI6F96F :F6CH:FG:7IH696A6= 6 BG 9 BG 7 BG : BG 8 BG +:F=6H6C6B76F7:FIH 6 B B96C6F?6HI=9?6F6 6CH6F6HH96C B 6 9 7 : 8 .:7I6=EE6L6CAI6GE:C6BE6CCL6B6GC B6GC 8B 96C 8B 96AF 6F 6?I 6AF6C 6F E696 E:C6BE6CL6C7:G6F696A6=BGA6?I6AF6CE696 E:C6BE6CL6C:8A696A6= 6 BG 9 BG 7 BG : BG 8 BG h 1 h 2 A C 163 1.54 0-=5 1-.-0 C-:3 8-8 .-8;: 0-=- 05.-? 1.-3-5 -=-:- ?=-:;=?-5-47-4:0-.-3-5-9-:-=5:571=6-.-8;:0-=-=5:5 71=6- .-8;: 0-=- -3-= 0--? ?1=.-:3 -:3-? 101=4-:- C-5? 01:3-: 919-:2--?7-: 9-- 61:5 3- 0-: 1:1=35 75:1?57 C-:3 05958575 3- -0- .-. 5:5 :0- -7-: 91918-6-=5 ?1;=5 75:1?57 3- C-:3 91:1=-:37-: ?1:?-:3 52-?52-? 3- .1=0--=7-: 31=-7 --7 -=?5718 -=?5718:C- C-:3 .1=8-:3:3 ?1= 91:1= 0-: 3- C-:3 -7-: 05.-4- -0-8-4 3- 501-8 C-5? 3- C-:3 1-=- ?1-? 9191:45 479 4793-18-5:5?:0--7-:91918-6-=5=5:5175-=?551:1=35 0-: 711-?-: 1217?52 0-=5 -=?5718 3- Teori Kinetik Gas

A. Gas Ideal B. Prinsip Ekuipartisi

Energi C. Kecepatan Efektif Partikel Gas Balon udara dapat terbang karena di dalamnya berisi udara panas yang lebih ringan daripada udara di sekitarnya. mendeskripsikan sifat-sifat gas ideal monoatomik. Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda harus mampu: menerapkan konsep termodinamika dalam mesin kalor. Hasil yang harus Anda capai: Sumber: www.dailytimes.com.pk Bab 7 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XI 164

A. Gas Ideal

-47-4 :0- C-:3 059-70 01:3-: 3- 501-8 -3-59-:-7-4 .1:?70-=51=-9--:3-501-8+:?791:31?-45:C-18-6-=58-4=-5-: .1=57? 1-=- -7-9-

1. Pengertian Gas Ideal

-8-9 .-. 5:5 :0- -7-: 91918-6-=5 ?1;=5 75:1?57 3- -0- 3- 501-8 -0- 71:C-?--::C- 52-?52-? 3- 501-8 ?50-7 ?1=0--? 05 -8-9 7-:?1?-5-0-47-9-=0-:?17-:-:?1=?1:?3-0--?91958575 52-? C-:3 91:017-?5 3- 501-8 1-=- 957=;7;5 3- 501-8 91958575 52-?52-? 1.-3-5 .1=57? - - ?1=05=5 -?- -=?5718-=?5718 0-8-9 698-4 C-:3 .1-= 0-: ?50-7 ?1=6-05 5:?1=-75 -:?-=-=?5718 3- ?1=1.? . 1?5- -=?5718 18-8 .1=31=-7 71 19.-=-:3 -=-4 -=?5718-=?5718 3- ?1=1.-= 91=-?- 0-8-9 =-:3 C-:3 195? -=-7 -:?-=-=?5718 6-4 81.54 .1-= 0-=5-0- 7=-: -=?5718 1 +7=-: -=?5718 3- 0--? 05-.-57-: 2 50-7 ?1=0--? 3-C- -:?-=-=?5718 71-85 657- ?1=6-05 ?9.7-: 3 79 1B?;: ?1:?-:3 31=-7 .1=8-7 -0- 5?19 3- ?1=1.?

2. Persamaan Gas Ideal

024 08- F 1;=-:3 589B-: =-:5 918-77-: 1=;.--:0-:1:3-9-?-::?791:31?-454.:3-:-:?-=-?17-:-: 0-:A;8913-0-8-9-?=-:3?1=??-0-47;:?-:.:3-: ?1=1.? 05:37- -0- ?-4: 0-: 0571:-8 01:3-: 79 ;C81 79 ;C81 91:C-?-7-: .-4B- 657- 0-8-9 -? =-:3 ?1=?? ?1=0--? 3- 501-8 C-:3 4:C- 05-4-7-: ?1?- ?17-:-: 3- -7-: .1=.-:05:3 ?1=.-857 01:3-: A;891 3- 1:=? ;C81 1=-9--: 71-0--: 3- 4-:C- 05?1:?7-: ;814 ?17-:-: 0-: A;891 3- 145:33- -0- 3- -7-: .1=8-7 1=-9--: 7;:?-:-?- F 1?1=-:3-: ?17-:-: 9 -?-- A;8919 23. 9 0571:-8 1.-3-5 79 ;C81 0-: .1=8-7 :?7 4-95=19-3-01:3-:71=--?-:=1:0-4=-2574.:3-:-:?-=-?17-:-: 0-: A;891 3- ?-9-7 -0- .2 57- ?17-:-: 05?=:7-: A;891 3- -7-: :-57 1.-857:C- 657- ?17-:-: 3- 05:-577-: A;891 3- -7-: 91:3158 01:3-: C-=-? 4 3- ?1?- Gambar 7.2 Grafik hubungan tekanan p terhadap volume V pada suhu konstan. 100 K isotermal tekanan p volume V p 2 p 1 V 1 V 2 y l A x z Gambar 7.1 Gerak arah partikel-partikel gas dalam ruang tertutup. 1.?7-:;:?;43-C-:3?1=0--?05-?9;21=- 7-43-?1=1.??1=9-73-501-8 -7-4C-:3059-7001:3-:9;8-=5?-3- 1:3--.-8;:0-=-0--??1=.-:3-3-59-:--=- 91:31:0-857-:.-8;:0-=--3-=0--?.1=31=-7:-57 ?=:0-:.1=.18;7 -1:31=?5-:0-=51:1=350-8-93- -5...1-+2,031024,3,2+,-30-30-2,54-.5,5-4 Tes Kompetensi Awal Teori Kinetik Gas 165 2-3F 0-:0318533F 918-77-: 1:3-9-?-:01:3-:1=;.--:?1:?-:34.:3-:-:?-=-40-:A;891 -0- ?17-:-: ?1?- 1=17- 91:3-?-7-: 657- ?17-:-: 3- 0-8-9 =-:3 ?1=?? 056-3- 7;:?-: A;891 3- 1.-:05:3 01:3-: 4 9?8-7:C- 1-=- 9-?19-?5 05:C-?-7-: 01:3-: 1=-9--: 7;:?-:-?- F 1?1=-:3-: A;8919 4 9?8-7 57-43-.5--:C-05:C-?-7-:0-8-9 E49?8-791:3 3:-7-: -?-: 18A5: 05:C-?-7-: 01:3-: 1=-9--: F 4-=81 0-: -C - 63- .1=4-58 91:C1850575 4.:3-: -:?-=- 40-:?17-:-:-0-A;891?1?-10-:C-91:3-?-7-:657-A;891 3- C-:3 .1=-0- 0-8-9 =-:3 ?1=?? 056-3- 7;:?-: ?17-:-: 3- 1.-:05:3 01:3-: 4 9?8-7:C- 1-=- 9-?19-?5 0--? 05:C-?-7-: 01:3-: 1=-9--: 7;:?-:-?- F 1=0--=7-: 23. 9 0-: 9 -0- 71=--?-: =1:0-4 4-58 7-85 1.-:05:3 01:3-: ?191=-?= 1-5 01:3-: 1=-9--: -?- F 01:3-: -0-8-4 7;:?-:?- 711.-:05:3-: C-:3 1-5 01:3-: -? 9--9 3- ?1=?1:? 57- 5:017 053:-7-: :?7 :58-5 0-: -B-8 10-:37-: 5:017 053:-7-: :?7 :58-5 0-: -745= 051=;814 1=-9--: .1=57? F 23.9 0-:9051.?1=-9--:5,5.08-8533 79 ;C81-C - .1=8-7 :?7 3- 501-8 C-:3 9-- 0-: 698-49;83-:C-?1?-57-9--0-:698-49;83-:C-?50-7?1?- 1=-9--: 71-0--: 3- 501-8 .1=.-4 91:6-05 01:3-: -?- F 1?1=-:3-: 698-49;83- 9;8?1?--:993- 98-49;83-91=-7-:1=.-:05:3-:-:?-=-9--3-01:3-: 9--9;8178=18-?52:C- 1-=-9-?19-?5698-49;83-0--? 05:C-?-7-: 01:3-: 1=-9--: -?- F Tokoh Joseph Louis Gay Lussac 1778–1850 Ia dilahirkan di Prancis tahun 1778. Setahun setelah lulus dari politeknik Paris, ia ditawari pekerjaan oleh Claude-Louis Berthollet, kimiawan Prancis yang terkemuka. Berthollet memiliki laboratorium sendiri dan memimpin sekelompok ilmuwan muda di daerahnya. Gay Lussac mengadakan banyak riset bersama Berthollet dan Pierre Simon Laplace, dua ilmuwan yang dibiayai dan dilindungi oleh Napoleon Bonaparte. Gay-Lussac selamat dari arus revolusi Prancis, tetapi ayahnya tertangkap dan dipenjarakan. Pada 1802, ia mengulangi percobaan Alexander Cesar Charles. Ia menemukan fakta bahwa jika gas dipanaskan pada suhu tetap, volumenya akan bertambah sebanding dengan suhu mutlak. Jika suhunya dinaikkan dua kali lipat, volumenya akan meningkat dua kali. Hukum ini kali pertama ditemukan oleh Charles. Akan tetapi, karena Charles tidak mempublikasikannya, hukum tersebut kadang-kadang disebut hukum Charles, kadang- kadang disebut Hukum Gay-Lussac. Sumber: Jendela Iptek 3, 1997