Persamaan Kontinuitas Fluida Dinamis

Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XI 154

2. Hukum Bernoulli

+696 7:?6C6 7:F=I7IC6C E:FBI66C M6H 86F E696 G:H6E H:BE6H 66C G6B6 HC 6A H:FG:7IH 7:FA6I E696 M6H 86F L6C 96B 69 ?6 M6H 86F H:FG:7IH 7:F:F6 :6966C H:FG:7IH H96 66C H:F?69 +:F=6H6C- 6 M6H 86F 96A6B H67IC H96 7:F:F6 B66 HC E:FBI66C M6H 86F E696 EE6 EE6 96C EE6 66C G6B6 6BIC HC E:FBI66C M6H 86F E696 G:H6E EE6 66C 7:F7:96 ?6 M6H 86F H:FG:7IH B:C6AF : 6C6C C96 H:A6= B:C:H6=I 76=K6 :A6?I6C M6H 86F E6AC 7:G6F H:F96E6H E696EE6L6CG:BEHC6BIC6E66==6AH:FG:7IH7:FA6IEIA6E696H:6C6C CL6 0CHI B:C:H6=I ?6K676C H:FG:7IH E:F=6H6C - .:86F6B6H:B6HGE:FG6B66CL6CB:C6B76F6C6AF6C;AI96E696 6B76F H:FG:7IH 696A6= - P 0G6=6 HDH6A L6C 9IC66C ICHI B:C6AF6C ;AI96 96F :6966C : :6966C G6B6 9:C6C E:FI76=6C :C:F B:6C ;AI96 .:86F6 B6H:B6HG 96E6H 9HIAG G:766 7:FIH HDH6A P P P +:F=6H6C-. 7:FH6C96C:6H;6F:C66F6=6L6 7:FA6K6C6C 6F6= 9:C6C 6F6= :F6 ;AI96 :CIFIH=IIBDCHCIH6G?IBA6=;AI96L6CB:C6AFE696EE6 G6B69:C6C?IBA6=;AI96L6CB:C6AFE696EE6G:=C69E:FDA:= E:FG6B66C 7:FIH :C6CB:CGI7GHHIG6C-.:-.66C 9=6GA6C E:FG6B66C P 6 C96 B:CGI7GHHIG6C : -. 4 66C 9E:FDA:= P :BI96C ?6 C96 B:C6A6C -. 4 9:C6C 66C 9E:FDA:= gh P -. 4 9G:7IH ?I6 L6C G:86F6 IBIB 96E6H 9CL6H66C 9:C6C E:FG6B66C 7:FIH C Tokoh Daniel Bernoulli 1700–1782 Daniel Bernoulli adalah putra dari Johan Bernoulli, lahir di kota Basel dan bekerja sebagai dosen Matematika di Universitas Basel. Pamannya seorang matematikawan di Universitas tersebut yang pernah menciptakan materi baru dalam teori probabilitas, analisis geometri, dan kalkulus variasi. Bernoulli berhasil menciptakan prinsip hidrodinamika dan perhitungan aliran fluida. Selain itu, Bernoulli sangat berperan dalam mengembangkan teori probabilitas, kalkulus, dan persamaan diferensial. Sumber: World Book Encyclopedia Gambar 6.27 Perbedaan ketinggian fluida mengalir. Gambar 6.26 Fluida mengalir. C v B A p 1 A 1 h 1 p 2 h 2 v 1 t v 2 t Fluida 155 DCGH6C P :F96G6F6CE:FG6B66C:FCDIAA9:H6=I76=K6H:6C6C996A6B ;AI96 L6C 7:F:F6 9E:C6FI= DA:= :8:E6H6C 6AF6C ;AI96 H:FG:7IH

3. Penerapan Hukum Bernoulli

a. Alat Penyemprot Nyamuk

+:F=6H6CA6= - L6C B:BE:FA=6H6C G:7I6= 6A6H E:CL:BEFDH CL6BI A6H H:FG:7IH B:CIC66C EFCGE IIB :FCDIAA 6 E:CG6E EDBE6 9H:6C I96F6 66C B:C6AF 9:C6C :8:E6H6C HC 96C :AI6F B:A6AI AI76C G:BEH E696 H67IC I96F6 :8:E6H6CI96F6L6CHCB:CL:7676CH:6C6CE696E:FBI66CEE6 J:CHIFB:C?69F:C96= 6AH:FG:7IHB:CL:7676C86F6CD76HCL6BI96E6H C6:6H6GB:A6AIEE6J:CHIF96CB:CL:B7IF:AI6F7:F86BEIFI96F6

b. Daya Angkat pada Sayap Pesawat Terbang

6=I6= C96 L6C B:CL:7676C E:G6K6H 96E6H H:F76C +:G6K6H 96E6H H:F76C 6F:C6 696CL6 96L6 6C6H E696 G6L6E 6L6 6C6H E696 E:G6K6HH:F76C?I6B:CIC66CEFCGEIIB:FCDIAA :CHI766C 6H6GG6L6EE:G6K6HL6C8:B7ICB:CL:7676C696CL6E:F7:966CA6?II96F6 E696 766C 6H6G 96C 766C 76K6=CL6 G:E:FH 96B76F6C DA:= 6FG 6FG 6L6E696- AF6CI96F6E696766C6H6GG6L6E7:F:F6A:7= 8:E6H 96FE696 766C 76K6=CL6 :CIFIH IIB :FCDIAA H:6C6C E696 766C6H6GE:G6K6HB:C?69A:7=:8A96FE696H:6C6CE696766C76K6= G6L6E +:F7:966C H:6C6C CA6= L6C B:B7I6H 696CL6 6L6 6C6H : 6H6G L6C 7:G6FCL6 96E6H 9HIAG6C G:766 7:FIH P P P P P P P :F96G6F6C-.4 96E6H96C6AGG76=K6?6E:G6K6H 7:F:F6 A:7= 8:E6H B66 66C B:C=6GA6C 6L6 6C6H L6C A:7= 7:G6F EIA6 :C6C 9:B6C G:B6C AI6G E:C6BE6C G6L6E G:B6C 7:G6F EIA6 6L6 6C6HCL6 .:7I6=E:G6K6HH:F76C9:C6CAI6GE:C6BE6CG6L6EB 7:F:F6G:=C6 B:C=6GA6CE:F7:966C:8:E6H6C6AF6CI96F6E696766C6H6GG6L6EE:G6K6H96C 766C76K6=CL6L6CB6GC B6GC7:G6FCL6BG96CBG :F6E66= 7:G6F6L66C6HE696G6L6E?6B6GG6?:CGI96F6 B 1 :H6=I B BG BG B P Q B QB Q4BG PBG 5 696L66C6HE696G6L6EE:G6K6HH:FG:7IH696A6= Contoh 6.9 Gambar 6.28 Alat penyemprot nyamuk. F Gambar 6.29 Garis arus fluida ideal pada sayap pesawat terbang. gaya angkat F 1 gaya berat F 2 pipa venturi Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XI 156

c. Karburator

6F7IF6HDF B:FIE66C 6A6H E:C86BEIF 76=6C 766F 96C I96F6 +:C86BEIF6C H:FG:7IH 7:FHI?I6C ICHI B:BE:FBI96= E:B766F6C 6F7IF6HDF H:F9F 6H6G H6C 6F7IF6HDF E:A6BEIC EE6 J:CHIF 96C E:CL:BEFDH I96F6 . 096F6 L6C B6GI : 96A6B 6F7IF6HDF B:BA :8:E6H6C L6C HC G:=C6 B:CL:7676C H:6C6C E696 I?IC EE6 J:CHIF B:C?69 F:C96= :6C6C L6C F:C96= E696 I?IC EE6 J:CHIF B:CL:7676C 76=6C 766F 86F :AI6F 96F H67IC 76=6C 766F B:A6AI EE6 J:CHIF B:CI?I . .:B7IF6C 76=6C 766F 86F L6C7:F86BEIF9:C6CI96F696E6HB:C=6GA6C6GL6C9G:7IH . L6C 7:FG;6H BI96= H:F766F 6G . CA6= L6C 9766F G:=C6 B:BA H:6C6C L6C HC 96C B:C:6C EGHDC :B6C G:H:FIGCL6 G:=C6 FD96 66C 7:F:F6 G:FC 9:C6C :F66C C6 HIFIC EGHDC H:FG:7IH

d. Pipa Venturi

.:A6C 9B6C;66H6C 96A6B 6F7IF6HDF EE6 J:CHIF ?I6 9B6C;66H 6C ICHI B:C:CHI6C :A6?I6C M6H 86F 96A6B G:7I6= EE6 +:F=6H6C - 6B76F H:FG:7IH B:BE:FA=6H6C 6AF6C ;AI96 96F EDGG :EDGG 0CHIB:C:CHI6C:A6?I6C6AF6C;AI96H:FG:7IHJ:CHIFB:H:F =6FIG 9A:H66C B:C96H6F G:=C6 :C6C B:CIC66C =IIB :FCDIAA 9E:FDA:= P 6F E:FG6B66C DCHCIH6G 9E:FDA:= P 6 -. 4 9GI7GHHIG6C : -. 4 9E:FDA:= P 6BE6 96F - G:AG= :HC6C M6H 86F E696 EE6 J:CHIF 696A6= 6A H:FG:7IH 9G:7676C 696CL6 E:F7:966C H:6C6C :CIFIH =IIB =9FDGH6H E:F7:966C H:6C6C H:FG:7IH 696A6= :C6C B:B6GI6C E:F7:966C H:6C6C C : 96A6B -. 4 9E:FDA:= P :H:F6C6C :8:E6H6C M6H 86F L6C 9IIF BG B6GG6 ?:CG M6H 86F L6C 9IIF B AI6GE:C6BE6CEE67:G6FB AI6G E:C6BE6C EE6 :8A B E:F7:966C HC F6G6 B E:F8:E6H6C F6JH6G BG p 1 v 1 p 2 v 2 h 2 h 1 h Gambar 6.31 Pipa venturi. Gambar 6.30 Karburator pada motor. karburator Sumber: www.firetrucks.uw.hu