Kecepatan Efektif Partikel Gas

Teori Kinetik Gas 175 1.-4?-:375.1=550-=--0-?17-:-:?1=?1:?57- ?17-:-: 0-=- 0-8-9 ?-:375 :-57 91:6-05 7-85 ?17-:-:198-.1=--7-4711-?-:=99;8178 0-=-0-8-9?-:37505.-:05:37-:01:3-:711-?-: =998-98- 1.-4?-.:301:3-:A;891 9 91:3-:0:3 9;83-:1;:-0-4E - 1:?7-:1:1=3575:1?57?;?-83-:1;:?1=1.? . 1=--7-41:1=3575:1?57=-?-=-?-1?5-9;83- 9;8 1.-4?-:37501:3-:A;89185?1=.1=559;83- 9;:;-?;95757-1?5-9;81783-919585751:1=35 75:1?57=-?-=-?-G F ?1:?7-:?17-:-:3- 0-8-9?-:375-?9 G - 1=--7-41:1=3575:1?57=-?-=-?-9;81783--0- 4 1:?7-:8-41:1=350-8-90-=5-?9;83--0-4 E 3-= 711-?-: 1217?52 -=?5718 -? 3- .1=.-4 91:6-057-85198-.1=--01=-6-?43-?1=1.? 4-=05?5:37-?7-: 1=--7-4.-:C-7:C--?;941859C-:3051=87-: :?791:355.-8;:.1=05-91?1= 9-0-4 E-3-=?17-:-::C--?95?:38-41:1=3575:1?57 0-=51?5--?;918591=--7-4711-?-:=-?- =-?-0-=51?5--?;9418590-:.1=--7-4711-?-: 1217?52:C- 11-?-:1217?52 =9 -?-=?57183- 9 57-3-?1=1.?.1=-0-0-8-9?-.:3.1=?17-:-: -?9-?9G -?1:?7-:8-49--61:5 3-?1=1.? Tes Kompetensi Subbab C 2+,--.5,5-4 Rangkuman -501-8?50-7-0-05-8-9-?3-0--?91958575 52-?C-:391:017-?552-?3-501-8-0-47-9-= 0-:?17-:-:?1=?1:? 1=-9--:3-501-8 7;:?-:-?- 57-9--0-:9;83-501-8?50-7?1?-1=-9--: 3-501-8.1=.-491:6-05 -?- 01:3-: =5:5175-=?551:1=3591:3-:33-.-4B-3- C-:3.1=-0-050-8-9=-:3?1=??91=-7-: 798-:0-=5-=?57183-C-:391958575?17-:-: 1:1=350-:711-?-:31=-7C-:3-9- 1=-9--:3-0-8-9=-:3?1=?? -?- 7 :1=3575:1?573- :1=35 0-8-9 3- -0-8-4 698-4 18=4 1:1=35 75:1?57-=?57183-0-8-9-?=-:3?1=?? 7 1=57?5:51:1=350-8-9:?73-05-?;957 - -0-4=1:0-4 ?53-01=-6-? 71.1.--: 7 . -0-410-:3 859-01=-6-? 71.1.--: 7 -0-4?5:335 ?64 01=-6-?71.1.--: 7 11-?-: 1217?52 -=?5718 3- 0--? 0571?-45 01:3-:1=-9--: =9 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XI 176 Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda tentu akan mengetahui bahwa gas ideal di alam tidak ada. Anda juga tentu menjadi paham tentang prinsip ekuipartisi energi, energi kinetik, dan energi dalam gas, serta kecepatan efektif dari gerak partikel gas. Dari materi yang dipelajari pada bab ini, bagian manakah yang Refleksi menurut Anda sulit dipahami? Coba diskusikan bersama teman atau guru Fisika Anda. Anda menjadi tahu alasan mengapa balon gas dapat mengapung merupakan manfaat mempelajari bab ini. Coba Anda cari manfaat lain mempelajari bab ini. Peta Konsep 024,3 11-?-:217?52 -=?5718- =5:575-=?55:1=35 - 01-8 79;C81 79 ;C81-C- ?1?- 7;:?-:?- 17-:-:-0-8-9 -:31=?? :1=355:1?570-: :1=35-8-9- - ;:;-?;957 - 5-?;957 919.-4- .1=8-7 0-: ?1?- 0-: ?50-7 ?1?- -0- 0--? 91:-=5 919.-4- Teori Kinetik Gas 177 -0-79;C8101:3-:-0-8-4 - 0-C- 4 . -4- 1 7;:?-:?-3- 9;91:?985:1-= -0-3-9.-=.1=57?A;891?-.:3-9-01:3-: 7-85A;891?-.:3 5?19?1=1.?055501:3-:3-501-898-49;8178 0-8-9?-.:3-9-01:3-:0-:0-8-9?-.:3 -0-8-4 57-3-0-8-9?-.:3.1=4 43-0-8-9?-.:3-0-8-4 - . 1 ;C81919.-?-?4.:3-:-:?-=-?17-:-:0-: A;8910-=5-?3-57-05:C-?-7-:0-8-93=-257 -7-:.1=.1:?711=?53=-257 - . 1 -8-9-?-:5?19 :?1=:-5;:-8-?-:?17-:-:3- 05:C-?-7-:01:3-: - -?9 93 . 9 1 6;81 9 -0-8-9=-:3?1=??.1=4E0-:.1=?17- :-:-?91=?-A;891:C-85?1=57-3-05-:-7-: -9-5E?17-:-::-571.1-=-?90-:A;891 3--7-: - .1=7=-:3 .1=?-9.-4 . ?1?- 1 .1=?-9.-4 .1=7=-:3 =-257-:?-=-?17-:-:3-C-:39--:C-?1=?1:? -0-A;891?1?-1.-3-52:350-=549?8-7 -0-8-4 - . 1 -? 3- 501-8 -0- ?17-:-: 0-: 4 E 059-9-?7-:45:33-A;891:C-91:6-051?1:3-4 7-85 198- 57- 4:C- 05:-577-: 0- 7-85 85-? 91:6-05E?17-:-:3-?1=1.?91:6-05 - . 1 -?3-501-8059-9-?7-:1-=-5;?1=95745:33- A;891:C- 91:6-05 1?1:3-4 7-85 A;891 198- 75.-?:C- - ?17-:-:0-:43-?1?- . ?17-:-:3-91:6-050-7-850-:43-?1?- ?17-:-:3-?1?-0-:43-91:6-050-7-85 198- ?17-:-:3-0-:43-91:6-050-7-854 198- 1 ?17-:-:3-91:6-050-7-85:C-0-:43- 91:6-050-7-854198- --61:5-?3-501-8-0-49?8-70-: ?17-:-: -0-8-4 57- ?17-:-: 3- ?1=1.? 056-057-:0-:4:C-05?=:7-:91:6-05 9--61:53-91:6-05 - . 1 1.-4585:01=3-91958575A;891 9 0-:.1=55 0-=--0-?17-:-:G -1905-:585:01= 05.7-145:33-.1=4.:3-:8-:3:301:3-:0-=- 8-=57-405-:33-?50-7.1=.-4A;8910-=- C-:3718-=0-=5585:01=-0-8-4?17-:-:0-=-8-= -0-8-4-?9-?9 - - 9 9 . 9 1 9 9 57-;:?-:?-;8?D9-: G F 1:1=35 75:1?571.-4-?;941859-0-4E-0-8-4 - G F G F . G F 1 G F G F --3-345+781-414,2+,-15,5-4 B 3 N A N kapiler p V p V V p p V p V p T p T p T p T p T Tes Kompetensi Bab 7 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XI 178 7-12482,54414 -8-9-??-.:3?1=??+ ?1=0--? 161:5 3- 501-8 57- ?17-:-:0-=-8-= 993 A;8913- 9 0-:4:C- E?1:?7-:A;8913-?1= 1.?-0-71-0--::;=9-8 E 993 -?61:53-91:19-?5A;891 9 -0-4 E0-:?17-:-:-?957-4:C-91:6-05 E 0-:?17-:-:91:6-05-?9?1:?7-:A;891-745= 3-?1=1.? --61:5-?3-501-8-0-49?8-70-: ?17-:-:-0-8-4 3 9 57-?17-:-:3-?1=1.? 056-057-: 0-: 4:C- ?=: 91:6-05 ?1:?7-:9--61:53-?1=1.? 1.-4?-:375C-:3A;891:C-85?1=05553-450=;31: 145:33- ?17-:-::C- 91:6-05 -?9 1=--7-4 A;8913--0---??17-:-::C- -?90-:4:C- ?1?- -;7531:-0-4E91958575A;891 85?1= 0-:?17-:-: G 9 1=--7-4A;8913- -0---??17-:-::C-G 9 0-:4:C- E -8-9 -? ?-:375 C-:3 ?1=?? ?1=0--? 3- :5?=;31: = 3 9;81.-:C-7 85?1=01:3-: 4E0-:.1=?17-:-: -?91:?7-:9-- 3-?1=1.? 1.-4?-:375A;891:C-85?1=05553-450=;31: 145:33- ?17-:-::C- 91:6-05 -?9 1=--7-4 A;8913--0---??17-:-::C- -?90-:4:C- ?1?- 10 cm gas raksa 57-1698-43-501-891:3-8-95=;1-05-.-?57 9-7- - ?1=6-051=.-4-:A;891-0-5?19?1=1.? . ?1=6-051=.-4-:4-0-5?19?1=1.? ?1=6-051=.-4-:?17-:-:-0-5?19?1=1.? ?50-7?1=6-051=?7-=-:7-8;=-:?-=-5?19?1= 1.?01:3-:8-=5?19 1 ?1=6-051=.-4-:698-49;8178 ;8178;7531: = 05-?9;21=9591958575 711-?-:1217?52175?-= 9 11-?-:1217?52 9;81781859 = 05-?9;21=95-0-8-4 - 9 9 . 9 1 9 9 --1.-49;8178:5?=;31:-0-8-47-859-- 1.-49;8178450=;31:1:3-:019575-:9;8178 9;8178:5?=;31:-0-4919585758-6=-?- =-?-C-:3-9-01:3-:9;8178450=;31:-0-4 - . 1 -8-9 -? =-:3-: ?1=0--? 95853=-9 3- 01:3-:?17-:-:-?918-6-:=-?-=-?--=?57183- ?1=1.?-0-8-4 9 57--?9 9 A;891 =-:3-:?1=1.?-0-8-4 - G F 9 G F 9 . G F 9 1 G F 9 G F 9 57-1698-43-C-:39--:C-?1?-05?17-:-0- 4?1?-9;81789;8178:C--7-: - 919585751:1=3575:1?5781.54.1-= . 919585759;91:?981.54.1-= 81.541=5:391:9.705:05:3?19-?3- .1=31=-781.541-? 1 .1=31=-781.548-9.-? 1.-4.-:0-8-99;.5805550-=-571?-45A;8 91:C- 9 0-:9--:C-73-:?1=1.?053:- 7-:1.-3-518-9:3050-8-9-5=57-9--61:5 -5= 73 9 0-: 9 .-:0--?91:3-:3 7-:.1.-:9-75991.1-= - 73 73 . 73 1 73 73 1=-9--:71-0--:3-501-805?850-8-9.1:?7 58-:3-:?1?-.1=3-:?:3-0- - 61:53- A;8913- . 43- 1 .-:C-7-=?5718 ?17-:-:3- -0-71-0--::;=9-8 E0-:-?933- ;7531: 91958575A;8911.1-= 79;8-?9 9 - G F 9 9 . G F 9 1 9 G F 9 1.-4?-.:33-01:3-:A;891?1=?1:?.1=553- 501-801:3-:?17-:-:7-=:58-5=-?-=-?-7-0=-? 8-69;81783-051.? =9 57-710-8-9?-.:3 ?1=1.?05;9-7-:3-161:5145:33-?17-:-::C- 91:6-0510-:37-:4:C-05.-??1?- =9 :C- -7-:91:6-05 - =9 =9 . =9 1 =9 =9 179 Termodinamika

A. Usaha pada Berbagai Proses

Termodinamika

B. Hukum I Termodinamika

C. Kapasitas Kalor Gas dan Siklus

Termodinamika

D. Hukum II Termodinamika

,6;2=2? 56?82? A6B632?82? I22? C2B2?2 DB2?CABD2C: H2?8 5:8E?22? 2?EC:2 D6BEC 36B632?8 122? 529E=E E52 52? 6B6D2 E52 6?;25: AB:25?2 2?8ED2? 52B2D ,22D :?: A6B2?2? E52 C63282: 2=2D DB2?CABD2C: 52B2D CE529 D6B82?D:2? =69 636B2522? DB 3:= 52? 6B6D2 6=63:92? 52B: C2B2?2 DB2?CABD2C: 56B? :?: 252=29 D6?282 H2?8 5:92C:=2??H2 =63:9 36C2B 52B:A252 D6?282 E52 =69 2B6?2 :DE ;E=29A6?EA2?852?32B2?8H2?852A2D5:2?8EDAE?C62:?32?H2 25252C2B?H2A6B632?82?C2B2?2DB2?CABD2C:D6BC63EDD:52=6A2C 52B: 62;E2? D6?=8: 2A=:2C: AB:?C:A D6B5:?2:2 2A:B C6E2 6C:? H2?8 252 6?88E?22? AB:?C:A D6B5:?2:2 H2:DE 6?8E329 6?6B8: 2=B 6?;25: 6?6B8: 86B2 Kereta uap dapat berjalan dengan memanfaatkan energi uap yang diubah menjadi energi kinetik. menganalisis perubahan keadaan gas ideal dengan menerapkan hukum termodinamika. Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda harus mampu: menerapkan konsep termodinamika dalam mesin kalor. Hasil yang harus Anda capai: Bab 8 Sumber: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 2000 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XI 180

A. Usaha pada Berbagai Proses Termodinamika

1. Usaha yang Dilakukan Gas

-:?;2E=29 C63E29 C:CD6 H2?8 5:=6?82A: 56?82? C63E29 D23E?8 52? A6?8:C2A 82C H2?8 52A2D 36B86B2 3632C C6A6BD: D2A2 A252 .2 .C292 H2?85:=2E2?=6982CC69E3E?82?56?82?A6BE3292?F=E6 82C252=29C63282:36B:ED:2D62?2?82C366B;2A252A6?8:C2A6E5:2? A6?8:C2A 36B86C6B C6;2E9 . 6 2D2C 56?82? =E2C A6?2A2?8 A6?8:C2A EC292 H2?8 5:=2E2? =69 C:CD6 82C D6B9252A =:?8E?82? 252=29 5G Q5 . , . , . , 1 ,2D48 2 .?DEABC6C52B: 6 EC2926B;2H2?85:=2E2?=6982C252=29 , O , O , O 6D6B2?82? EC292 H2?8 5:=2E2? C:CD6 82C , D62?2? 82C ?CD2? F=E62G2= F=E629:B 23. 9 36B=2E 92?H2 ;:2 D62?2? , ?CD2? ,6=22 A6BE3292?F=E6D6BC63EDEC292 52A2D36B?:=2:AC:D:72D2E?682D:7 56?82? 6D6?DE2? C63282: 36B:ED :2 82C 6=2E2? 6CA2?C: A6?8632?82? EC292 36B?:=2: AC:D:7 ,:CD6 6=2E2? EC292 H2?8 6?H63232? F=E6?H2 36BD2329 :2 82C 5:2A2D2? 36B?:=2: ?682D:7 252 C:CD6 D6BC63ED 5:=2E2? EC292 =69 =:?8E?82? H2?8 6?H63232? F=E6?H2 36BEB2?8 .C292 H2?8 5:=2E2? A252 C:CD6 5:C63ED 0. 0- E2C 2B62 5: 32G29 EBF2 252=29 EC292 H2?8 5:=2E2? =69 C:CD6 6B92D:2? .2 Gambar 8.1 Sistem melakukan usaha terhadap lingkungannya. ,E2DE82C52=2C:=:?56BD6BDEDEA6?82=2:ABC6CC6A6BD: D2A2A2528232B-6?DE2?EC292H2?85:=2E2? =6982CA252 2 ABC6C 3 ABC6C 4 ABC6C 52? 5 C6=EBE9ABC6C DD2= Gambar 8.2 a Usaha yang dilakukan oleh sistem adalah positif W = p V . b Usaha yang dilakukan oleh sistem adalah negatif W = –p V . ekspansi W 0 luas = W V p V 1 V 2 2 1 pemampatan W 0 luas = W V 1 V 2 V p 2 1 ds F = pA 2 3 pkPa B A E VL C 5 0 250 2 5 7 5 D A229H2?85:2CE556?82?67:C:6?C:6C:? 6?EBED?522A229H2?85:2CE556?82?6?DBA: 6?82A286=2CD:A:CH2?83:2C2?H25:8E?22?E?DE :?E6C3:C2A64296D:25::C:2:BA2?2C 6?82?3292C2C6?5:B:;6=2C2?42B26B;2D6BC C69:?8822:B3:C2D6D2AA2?2C -5...1-+2,031 2.0.,,2+,-30-30-2,54-.5,5-4 Tes Kompetensi Awal Contoh 8.1 Termodinamika 181

2. Usaha pada Proses yang Dialami Gas

2C H2?8 36B252 52=2 BE2?8 D6BDEDEA 52A2D 5:E329 62522??H2 6=2=E: 3636B2A2 ABC6C H2:DE ABC6C :CD6B2= ABC6C :C9B: ABC6C :C32B: 52? ABC6C 25:232D:

a. Proses Isotermal

BC6C :CD6B2= 252=29 ABC6C A6BE3292? 62522? C:CD6 A252 CE9E D6D2A.2 BC6CD6BC63EDC6CE2:56?82?EEH=6H2:DE , ?CD2?-:?;2E=29A6BC222?82C:562= ,=692B6?2CE9E 52?D6D2A22 , , O .C292H2?85:=2E2?C:CD652A2D5:D6?DE2?6?88E?22?A6BC222? 36B:ED , 56?82?, :=2: 52??CD2?C69:?88252A2D5:6=E2B2?52B:A6BC222?:?D68B2= =? 1 1 =? O=? 25: EC292 H2?8 5:=2E2? =69 C:CD6 A252 ABC6C :CD6B2= 252=29 =? O 7 2 .C29252B: 6 C2256?82?=E2C 52?36B?:=2:AC:D:72B6?22B29 ABC6C62?2? =E2C P O 2 P 2 3 .C29252B: 6C2256?82?=E2C 52?36BD2?52?682D:72B6?22B29 ABC6C6:B: =E2C O O 2 2OO 4 .C29252B: C2256?82??=2B6?2 D:52636?DE3:52?856?82? CE3E =E2C?H2 5 .C2926C6=EBE92?ABC6C 252=29 O .C292DD2=52A2D;E825:9:DE?8C642B2=2?8CE?8 DD2= =E2C 2O 2O Gambar 8.3 Kurva p–V dengan T konstan pada proses isotermal. p V V 1 V 2 p 2 p 1 E2=82C2B8?6E2:C642B2:CD6B2=A252CE9EL52B:F=E62G2= 6?;25: -6?DE2?EC292H2?85:=2E2?82CD6BC63ED = 7 :6D29E: = =E62G2= =E629:B Contoh 8.2