62 Table 4.6. Non-structural government activities in developing disaster handling
abilities and residents’ response
NO GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES
RESIDENTS’ RESPONSE 1
Interactive communication through radio and television about disaster mitigation
Conducting with many limitations 2
Socialization of early warning communication systems and family based emergency response
Not yet fully reaches the public, especially in slums
3 Forming and strengthening of Sub-District Level
Disaster Preparedness SIBAD in 13 districts Residents have not felt the presence and
function of SIBAD 4
Socialization of the signs of disaster through meetings of community groups, sub-districts, etc.
Joining meetings and starting to prepare 5
Making or reproducing and distributing bulletins of early warning systems
Not totally reaches the residents 6
Economic empowerment of the poor in disaster- prone areas
Only lasted for 1 month 7
Regularlyperiodically conducting Coast and Sea Cleaning Movement with the residents
Monthly participation 8
Regularlyperiodically conducting
River and
Drainage Cleaning Movement with the residents Monthly participation
9 Prohibiting fishermen to fish in the sea during high
tide Some obedient, some disobedient
10 Making drilled wells for public facilities Nor effective due to bad water quality
4.4.5 Identification of Residents’ Adaptation
A. Flood
Adaptation performed by residents during floods are diverse, ranging from staying at home, relocating to unflooded areas, making embankments, deepening water
channels, raising the floor level, adding food and fuel supplies. Types of adaptation is strongly influenced by the environment of the respective area. For instance,
adaptation performed in non-coastal areas will be different from adaptation in coastal areas. Figure 4-11 shows the differences.
Figure 4.11 .Adaptation Occurring in Coastal and Non-coastal Areas During Flood
in Lampung
63 Based on the figure, residents’ behaviors during disaster are as follows:
• Remaining in their house during flood.
This behavior shows the residents’ response whether to remain at home or leave for a while, during floods. In general, as many as 59.46 of the total residents state that
they remain at home during floods, so it means that 40.54 leave their houses during floods. If seen by region, the phenomenon of many residents leaving their houses
happens in non-coastal areas, since in this area only 29.41 of the residents remain at home. Whereas in coastal areas, only a small number of residents leaves their
house. The majority 85.93 remains at home during flood. This is due to the different types of flood. Flood occurring in coastal areas is rob. Since most residents
have raised their houses, so when rob comes, almost all residents remain. Rob is relatively able to be anticipated by the residents. Unlike the case of flood occurring
in non-coastal areas, which can not be predicted. As described previously, in this area almost all residents leave their house when the flood comes. It is like what
happens in Pasir Gintung. Pasir Gintung residents who leave their houses during flood is as many as 82. While in Sukabumi Indah, the number of people who
remain at home are more than those who leave their homes. Based on FGD results, this is because residents claim they do not want to relocate as fear of unemployment.
However, if the disaster is severe and forces them to relocate, they expect the government to provide housing and new jobs. As an anticipation, residents provide a
ready means of transportation in facing floods, such as pedicab. The aim is to move to a higher location.
• Relocating to non-flooded areas.
This behavior describes the residents’ response in finding temporary residence during flood. Location of the temporary residence is usually relatives’ house who are
not by affected flood. In general, of all the residents in observed sub-districts, only 9.45 of residents move to unflooded locations. Therefore, most of the residents
remain at home. If seen from the area, relocating to unflooded areas is mostly done by residents in non-coastal areas than in coastal areas. In non-coastal areas, as many
as 14.78 of the residents relocate to unflooded areas. Whereas, in coastal areas, there are only 5.18. If seen in details, in non-coastal areas, the behaviour of
relocating only occurs in Pasir Gintung, whereas, it does not exist in the other two areas. From all residents in Pasir Gintung, 34 of the relocate. The rest remain at
home. In coastal areas, the number of residents who relocate in each sub-district is relatively small. For example, in Kangkung, only 7.69 of the total residents
relocate, while in Kota Karang and South Panjang, the number is 3.57 and 5 of the total residents in each sub-district. Factors affecting whether residents relocate or
not are influenced by 1 The presence of relatives in non-flooded area who can help them; 2 house condition; 3 security reasons.
• Other adaptations besides the ones mentioned above are making
embankments, deepening water channels and raising floor levels, and these are mostly done by coastal area residents.
• From those adaptations, it can be seen that flood does not affect residents to
pile up food and fuel supplies.
64
B. Drought
