Family participation in joining trainings

18 In a more strategic meeting like in discussing village development plan Musrembang, women are also less involved. This is due to men’s mind set who thinks that women’s role in a household is to take care of children and not to go to meetings. However when husbands cannot attend meetings, wives will be asked to come as husband’s representative. From this perspective, it can be seen that in a smaller scale, such as family’s interest, women have bargaining position that is equal to men’s. But in a larger scale, such as society’s interest, men’s role is more dominant; men thought that their presence can represent women’s interest. This shows how weak the women’s bargaining point in society’s life is. In relation to disasters, often an early warning system or information related to disasters is given and discussed only with menhusbands. In such cases, however, there is no guarantee that all of the information related to disasters can be conveyed well to womenwives at home. Inaccuracy of information is one of the factors that cause women to be more vulnerable when disasters strike. The same situation applies to disaster programs. Because women are not involved in meetings or council, the needs and interests of women are not heard. For example, in a case when a disaster strikes in an area, the local government provides public bathroom facilities with the walls are only half-covered that causes women to feel uncomfortable in doing bathroom activities. This condition reflects insensitivity towards women’s needs. Table 2.9: Distribution of Family Member Involved in Family Decision-Making in Observed Sub-districts in Bandar Lampung, 2009 Sub Districts N Family member who make decision H HW W all H S S WS D WD HS D HW S Grand Total Batu Putu 107 41,18 58,82 0,00 0,00 0,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 100,00 Pasir Gintung 34 67,35 20,41 0,00 4,08 4,0 8 0,00 2,04 0,00 2,04 0,00 100,00 Sukabumi Indah 49 41,67 58,33 0,00 0,00 0,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 100,00 Kangkun g 24 55,26 26,32 7,89 5,26 0,0 2,63 0,00 2,63 0,00 0,00 100,00 Kota Karang 127 51,92 38,46 3,85 1,92 0,0 1,92 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,92 100,00 Panjang Selatan 38 70,27 16,22 5,41 2,70 5,4 1 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 100,00 Non Coastal 52 53,27 41,12 0,00 1,87 1,8 7 0,00 0,93 0,00 0,93 0,00 100,00 Coastal 37 58,27 28,35 5,51 3,15 1,5 7 1,57 0,00 0,79 0,00 0,79 100,00 Grand Total 234 55,98 34,19 2,99 2,56 1,7 1 0,85 0,43 0,43 0,43 0,43 100,00 Notes: H Husband, W Wife, S Son, D Daughter

C. Family participation in joining trainings

In general, community involvement in training activities on capacity development e.g. improving skill and capacity for doing other economic activities was relatively low. Table 2.11 shows that community involvement in the training was only 14.84 percent. Communities in coastal areas are more active in participating in the training than communities in non-coastal areas, particularly communities in Panjang Selatan 19 village. Within a household, member of the family who normally participate in the training is husband head of the family, except in Sukabumi Indah. Table 2.10: . Distribution of Family Member Participation in Joining Trainings in Observed Villages in Bandar Lampung, 2009 Area Village Total Res N Res Answe r n nN Involvement of Household Members in Training from n in Total Husbandi Wife Son Daughte r Non Pesisir non-coastal Batu Putu 40 3 7,5 66,7 33,3 - - 100 Pasir Gintung 50 3 6,0 100,0 0,0 - - 100 Sukabumi Indah 31 5 16,1 40,0 60,0 - - 100 Sub Total 121 11 9,1 63,6 36,4 - - 100 Pesisir coastal Kangkung 39 2 5,1 100,0 0,0 - - 100 Kota Karang 56 7 12,5 42,8 28,6 14,3 14,3 100 Panjang Selatan 40 18 45,0 44,4 38,9 11,1 5,6 100 Sub Total 135 27 20,0 48,1 33,3 11,1 7,4 100 Grand Total 256 38 14,8 52,6 34,2 7,9 5,3 100 Low level of participation of community in such training may limit their capacity to survive in difficult situation. If a family were exposed to a condition where they may not be able to depend on its main job both in short and long term, the family will face serious problem. They will not be capable of doing other alternativeadditional work due to their limited skills. It is quite important for the family to take part in training activities to increase their opportunity to do other and additional jobs. In the context of urban communities with low levels of economic strata, the increase in skills should not always be obtained by way of formal training, but can also be an informal way. From FGD, it was revealed that the community are seldom followed the formal training. Some communities are even less aware that their livelihood activities essentially require a particular skill. In fact some of the work performed, such as construction workers requires special skills and the skills they acquire was through autodidact. Communities in Sand Gintung village stated that there has never been a good training aid program of formal or informal, aimed at improving the skills of citizens of both local government and local NGOs.

D. Family participation in joining community organizations