80 Figure 6.2
.. Composite Climate Hazard Index of Bandar Lampung. Note: A D Climate Hazard Baseline, B Climate Hazard A2 2025, C Climate Hazard A2
2050, E Climate Hazard B1 2025, F Climate Hazard B1 2050. Note: Green
0.75, Yellow 1.75 – 1.50, Red 150. See appendix 1 for detail Classification of Kelurahan based on the level of exposure to climate risks is shown
in Figure 6.3. It was shown that there are no Kelurahan with Very High VH Climate Risk Category at present baseline conditions. The highest category is only
Medium to High M-H. There are about
14 Kelurahans 14.2 with M-H risk
category. These include Kota Karang and Perwata Teluk Betung Barat Sub-
district, Kelurahan Gunung Terang Tanjung Karang Barat Sub-district, Kelurahan Tanjung Senang and Way Kandis Tanjung Senang Sub-district, Kelurahan
Waydadi Sukarame Sub-district, Kelurahan Sepang Jaya and Kedaton Kedaton Sub-district, Kelurahan Kangkung, Bumi Waras, kankung and Teluk Betung
Teluk Betung Selatan Sub-district and Kelurahan Panjang Selatan and Srangsem Panjang Sub-district
. The remaining are 5 Kelurahans 5.1 as M Medium risk, A
C B
D F
E
0.75 0.75 – 1.50
1.50
81 36 Kelurahans 36.7 as L-M Low to Medium risk, 22 Kelurahans 22.4 as L
Low risk and 21 21.4 Kelurahans as VL Very Low risk. In the future 2025 and 2050,
more Kelurahans will be exposed to higher climate risk, particularly under scenario SRESB1 Figure 6.4
. There would be two Kelurahans would move from M-H to High climate risk category, namely
kelurahan Gunung Mas at kecamatan teluk Betung Utara dan kelurahan Garuntang at kecamatan Teluk betung
selatan . While many of Kelurahans with L-M risk category would move to Medium
risk category Figure 6.4.
Figure 6.3 . Classification of Kelurahan based on their level of their exposure to
climate risk A D Climate risk baseline, B Climate risk A2 2025, C Climate risk A2 2050, E Climate risk B1 2025, F Climate risk B1 2050 See appendix 1
for detail A
F E
D C
B
82 Figure 6.4
. Number of Kelurahan by climate risk index category
The above analysis demonstrated that how change in socio-economic and biophysical conditions will change coping capacity of the Kelurahans. Adaptation
programs should be prioritized in Kelurahan with high vulnerability index and low capacity index and being exposed or potentially exposed to high climate hazard
index. To reduce the level of risk of Kelurahan to the impact of climate change, the infrastructure and community development programs should be directed to improve
socio-economic and biophysical indicators shaping the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of the Kelurahans.
83
Chapter 7 GOVERNENCE AND
INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
Governance and institutional analysis consists of three main analysis including the stakeholder analysis, assessment of effectiveness of current initiatives and programs
short and long term cope with future climate risks and assessment of local government capacity and institutional to integrate climate change into development
planning.
7.1 Roles of Stakeholders and Existing Programs in Delivery and
Management of Key Climate-Affected Sectors
Stakeholder mapping and analysis conducts through some steps as follow: i to identify stakeholder that has both direct and indirect relationship with climate change
sector, ii to analyse roles, responsibility and contribution of each stakeholders to climate change, iii to map stakeholder interest and strength in providing and
managing sectors that related to climate change.er
Stakeholder can be classified into several categories namely: central government line ministrydepartment and non-departmental government institution, provincial
government, citydistrict government, private sector, non-government organisation NGO, university, multilateralbilateral organization, community based organisation
CBO, association, etc. Stakeholder can also be classified based on its scopeposition, which are internal stakeholders from inside Bandar Lampung City
such as local government, NGO’s, local universities, private sector etc and external stakeholders from outside the city such as central government, provincial
government, international donor agencies, etc.
In this section, stakeholder analysis will be specifically undertaken for climate- change related problems facing by Bandar Lampung which are flooding and water-
sanitation.
7.1.1 Role of stakeholder in flood management
Even though Bandar Lampung is located 100 metre above sea level but the city often have flood problem. In 2008, the city suffered from big flood which caused a lot of
material lost. Flood in Bandar Lampung is caused by a lot of factors such as high rain fall, poor drainage system, poor community attitude and reducing of green area.
Another factor that significantly cause the flood in the city is narrowing river width along Teluk Betung and Panjang due to increased high densely populated
settlements. The narrowing river width and sedimentation lead river to be unable to keep the water which lead to flood at the surrounding area.
At the same time, deforestation at hilly area of Bandar Lampung also contributes to flood in the city. City government is unable to control land use changes in hilly area
belong to private land-owners. As consequence, land owners could do anything on their land without considering the impact. Beside flooding, uncontrolled land-use
changes could triggered to landslide in surrounding areas.
84 In order to solve these problems, Bandar Lampung city government has conducted
several programs and activities such as clean river program program Kali Bersih, improved drainage system, tight-permit system and other-related programs to reduce
flood and to increase community awareness.
Table 7.1 . Stakeholders that related to Flood and water-sanitation
7.1.2 Role of stakeholder in water and sanitation
Like other cities in Indonesia, the main source of drinking water provided by local water enterprise known as PDAM Way Rilau in Bandar Lampung. It is local-own
water enterprise which has mission to provide water for all. In 2002, the water enterprise could serve almost 66.1 percent of total household in Bandar Lampung
HDI Report, 2004. This percentage is relatively high for urban area. However, the water enterprise could not serve consumer for 24 hours services due to limited water
debit. Many middle to low income people still do not have access to healthy drinking water provided by water enterprise. With regard for this, water entreprise will build a
partnership with private sector to increase water debit so that the enterprise could increase its coverage and serve low income people at affordable price.
Poor sanitation services in urban areas affect economic loss and decrease people quality of life. Bandar Lampung has also sanitation problem like other cities in
Stakeholders Sector related to climate
change Flood
Water and Sanitation
Central Government
• Directorate General of Water Resources
V •
Directorate General Human Settlements V
Internasional Donor
• Asian Development Bank
V V
City of Bandar Lampung
Local Planning Board V
V Environment Board
V V
Health Agency V
Cleaning and Park Agency V
Coastal and Animal Husbandary Agency V
Public Work V
V Agriculture Agency
V Fire and Disaster Agency
V
Non Government Agency
Mitra bentala V
Pusbik V
V
Walhi V
Sahabat lingkungan V
University
University of Lampung V
V
