19 village. Within a household, member of the family who normally participate in the
training is husband head of the family, except in Sukabumi Indah.
Table 2.10: . Distribution of Family Member Participation in Joining Trainings in
Observed Villages in Bandar Lampung, 2009
Area Village
Total Res
N Res
Answe r n
nN Involvement of Household Members in
Training from n in Total
Husbandi Wife
Son Daughte
r
Non Pesisir non-coastal
Batu Putu 40
3 7,5
66,7 33,3
- -
100 Pasir Gintung
50 3
6,0 100,0
0,0 -
- 100
Sukabumi Indah
31 5 16,1
40,0 60,0
- -
100 Sub Total
121 11
9,1 63,6
36,4 -
- 100
Pesisir coastal
Kangkung 39
2 5,1
100,0 0,0
- -
100 Kota Karang
56 7 12,5
42,8 28,6
14,3 14,3
100 Panjang
Selatan 40
18 45,0 44,4
38,9 11,1
5,6 100
Sub Total 135
27 20,0 48,1
33,3 11,1
7,4 100
Grand Total 256
38 14,8 52,6
34,2 7,9
5,3 100
Low level of participation of community in such training may limit their capacity to survive in difficult situation. If a family were exposed to a condition where they may
not be able to depend on its main job both in short and long term, the family will face serious problem. They will not be capable of doing other alternativeadditional work
due to their limited skills. It is quite important for the family to take part in training activities to increase their opportunity to do other and additional jobs.
In the context of urban communities with low levels of economic strata, the increase in skills should not always be obtained by way of formal training, but can also be an
informal way. From FGD, it was revealed that the community are seldom followed the formal training. Some communities are even less aware that their livelihood
activities essentially require a particular skill. In fact some of the work performed, such as construction workers requires special skills and the skills they acquire was
through autodidact. Communities in Sand Gintung village stated that there has never been a good training aid program of formal or informal, aimed at improving the skills
of citizens of both local government and local NGOs.
D. Family participation in joining community organizations
In general, residents’ participation in community organizations is still relatively low. Table 2.11 shows that residents’ participation in organizations is 42.97, therefore
as many as 57.03 of the residents do not participate in organizations. Although relatively small, residents’ participation in coastal areas in organizations is relatively
20 higher than residents’ in non-coastal areas. Residents in South Panjang sub-district
are more active in organizations than residents in other sub-districts. 70 of the residents in South Panjang are actively involved in organizations.
Based on the data of residents who are active in organizations, it can be seen that husbands are more active in organization activities than wives. The same goes for
sons who are more active in organizations than daughters. This condition applies to other areas. Organization is a place for residents to express their creativity and ideas
including efforts to make prosperous the local residents. Though the number of participation is quite low which is 42.97, it is sufficient for an organization to act in
the improvement of residents’ life quality. Its connection to disaster is the more residents are involved in organizations, the bigger the residents’ access to obtain
information and disaster relief.
Table 2.11:Distribution of Family Member Participation in Community Organizations in Observed Sub-Districts in Badar Lampung, 2009
Sub Districts Total
Respd N
Res Answe
r n nN
Family Member Participation in Community Organizations n in
Jumlah Husband Wife
Son Daughte
r
Non Coastal Batu Putu
40 16
40,00 56,25
43,75 0,00
0,00 100,00
Pasir Gintung 50
9 18,00
66,67 33,33
0,00 0,00
100,00 Sukabumi Indah
31 21
67,74 57,14
42,86 0,00
0,00 100,00
Sub Total 121
46 38,02
58,70 41,30
0,00 0,00
100,00 Coastal
Kangkung 39
15 38,46
46,67 33,33
6,67 13,33
100,00 Kota Karang
56 21
37,50 57,14
28,57 14,29 0,00
100,00 Panjang Selatan
40 28
70,00 53,57
32,14 10,71 3,57
100,00 Sub Total
135 64
47,41 53,13
31,25 10,94 4,69
100,00 Grand Total
256 110
42,97 55,45
35,45 6,36
2,73 100,00
FGD results revealed various forms of organizations and organizational activities in the observed sub-districts. According to Mr. Mugi, there is a community
organization in South Panjang sub-district, which is Bahari Mandiri fishing group. Lately this group has not done many activities, although it used to be active in
savings and loan where each member was obliged to pay the minimum of IDR 1,500month for savings. But because many residents did not pay their debt, the
savings and loan activity was hindered and currently is inactive. Though there are fishing groups in South Panjang, there are no cooperatives for fishermen that can
support fishermen’s operations.
In Batu Putu sub-district there are agricultural and forestry groups. There are 10 joint agricultural groups here. They hold meetings or councils to discuss issues, but group
activity to improve farmers’ economy, for instance savings and loan activity, has not been done. According to Mr. Jumaidi, a community leader in Batu Putuk Sub-
district,
”...perceived benefit of joining agricultural group is to get information on disease prevention. But there is no support to improve farmers’ economy. There is also no
fertilizer help. There was rice seed support for residents in 2008 .”
21 Besides agricultural groups, residents also formed forestry groups in order that the
residents can obtain permits for plating in forest lands. Besides groups for males, there are also groups for females with the name of PKK 8, because there are 8
members. One of the activities of this group is cleaning other people garden together. The profit is not directly divided among members, but most of it is used to purchase
equipment for party such as plates, glasses, pots, chairs, and some are put into group’s savings. The benefit of becoming a member is if a member wants to borrow
equipment for party, he does not have to pay for anything, but a non member does. Some of the money obtained from lending equipment to non members will be used to
purchase other equipment, and put into group’s savings. Another benefit of becoming a member is that they can borrow money from group’s savings. The loan is interest
free as long as it is a short term loan. But if it is a long term loan there will be interest although small. The idea for the activity came from women.
It is heard that in Pasir Gintung sub-district, there are many unions that are related to the residents’ livelihoods. For example, there are unions for meatball sellers,
vegetable sellers, security guards etc. Besides those unions, there are also community organizations such as Petir and Paku Banten. The location of Pasir Gintung sub-
district that is near to main market causes some residents to work not only as traders but also as thugs. Thus, some residents call that area as Bronx region. This condition
triggers the emergence of community organizations like Petir and Paku Banten. The organizations’ activities among others are organizing parking lots and securing
neighborhoods. Residents think those unions and community organizations bring positive impacts, such as increase of welfare among the residents and decrease of
crime and delinquency in Pasir Gintung sub-district.
E. Residents Participation in Institutions
