terms of input andor procedures, and what kind of follow – up work isneeded with the learners in question.
B. Conceptual Framework
In the teaching and learning process of speaking in vocational high school SMK, the materials also play an important role. The material should not too
general; it should be based on the students’ needs and the students’ major program in order to encourage the students in learning English skills, especially speaking,
for their needs. In SMK Sanjaya Ngawen, the English learning materials, especially for
speaking, were limited. The process of English teaching and learning was only using workbook LKS which the content is too general, not specific to the
learners’ needs and the students’ major program. This study is aimed at designing an English speaking material for the
students of automotive engineering program in SMK Sanjaya, Ngawen. The English speaking materials will be designed based on the students’ need in order
to help them in learning speaking. The conceptual framework is shown on the diagram below:
Chart 2.2: The diagram of conceptual framework
Teacher
Materials
Students
Steps of designing material
Needs analysis – analyzing
what criteria of material are needed by the students.
Goals –determining the
purpose of the material which will be designed.
Syllabus design – determining
the tasks and the activities for the material.
Materialmethod – designing
material based on the syllabus.
Teaching Speaking
Testing and evaluation –
conducting a try out and obtain feedback to evaluate the
effectiveness of the material.
Process of material writing
Identification – identifying
what the students need by creating the materials.
Exploration – exploring the
area which will be improved by using the material
Contextual Realization –
finding the ideas, contexts and texts, which are suitable for the
content of the material.
Pedagogical realization –
finding the appropriate exercises and activities and the
writing of appropriate instructions for use.
Physical production –
producing the layout of the material, such as the visuals and
Material evaluation
Description of task –
evaluating the input, procedures, language activities,
Planning the evaluation –
preparing some questions related to the content of the
material.
Collecting information –
collecting information related to the teacher and the students’
opinion to the task before, while, and after the task is completed.
Analyzing the information –
analyzing the data using qualitative and quantitative
approach.
Conclusion and recommendation
– concluding the result of data analysis.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Research
Since the study is conducted to design English speaking material for the students of automotive engineering, the type of the study is research and
development R D. Gall, Borg, and Gall 2003: 772 defines R D as a process used to develop and validate educational product. The term “product”
refers to the establishment of procedures and processes, such as a teaching method or a method of organizing instruction. Furthermore, Gay 1987: 10 defines R
D as an effort to develop effective products that are used in educational program including objectives, teaching materials, and so on.
B. Research Setting
SMK Sanjaya is located on Kampung village, Ngawen, Gunungkidul. It has three grades with three major programs; marketing, multimedia, and
automotive. This school has 20 classes, 2 teacher rooms, a headmaster’s room, an administrative room, a health care unit, a school shop, and a school canteen.
The research will be focused on the second grade of automotive engineering which consists of 32 students. Based on the observation which was
conducted on the first grade, the lack of English learning resource, especially for speaking, was one of the problems related to students’ speaking skill in the
classroom. The research will put an emphasis on designing an English speaking material. It will be conducted on the first semester of second grade students of
automotive engineering. It is expected that by using the material which have been developed, it will help the teaching and learning process of English, especially
speaking, will run effectively so that the students will be able to practice their speaking skills inside and outside the classroom.
C. Research Subject
As mentioned before, the aim of this research is to develop an English speaking material of the second grade students of automotive engineering in SMK
Sanjaya, Ngawen. This research involves the researcher, the English teacher, and the students of automotive engineering in SMK Sanjaya, Ngawen.
D. Research Instruments
The instruments which will be used in this research are needs analysis questionnaire and expert judgments’ questionnaire. The needs analysis
questionnaire is distributed to the students to know what the students needs. It is distributed to analyze the students’ needs, which will be very useful in the process
of material writing. The organization of the needs analysis questionnaire is shown
in the following table: Table 3.1: The organization of needs analysis questionnaire.
Analyzing target situation: Topic Area
Number Source
Necessities 22, 25
Hutchinson and Waters, 1987 Lacks
23 Hutchinson and Waters, 1987
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