must make sure that the text will fit in the screen space and that readers can read it. The text must be synchronised with both picture and sound.
Furthermore, translator must recognize any cultural cues and connotations that are particularly difficult to translate, as the amount of text fitted in the screen is
limited. Since every language has different rules and systems, translator must
choose the most appropriate strategy to translate the text. Nida 2003: 226 states three kinds of techniques of adjustments: addition, subtraction, and
alteration. In the process, translator is not allowed to add, change, or omit the meaning or message of the text. However, translator is allowed to add, change,
or omit the word with purpose to get an accurate and natural translation. From many Western movies,
The Rundown
is chosen as an object. The setting of the movie is Brazil. The main characters in this movie are Beck
Dwayne Johnson and Travis Seann William Scott. In addition,
The Rundown
is chosen as the material of the research because the utterances uttered by the characters in this movie contain a lot of idioms and expressions
that are interesting to be examined. Besides of that, most of the forms of English utterances in this movie are changed when they are translated into
Indonesian subtitles. Their forms become longer, shorter, or even changed in the different forms. These changes indicated that the translator uses additions,
subtractions, and alterations to translate the English utterances into Indonesian subtitles.
This research focuses on the translation process of additions, subtractions, and alterations as translation strategies which occur in a movie
entitled
The Rundown.
The degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of English utterances which are translated using addition, subtraction, and
alteration in
The Rundown
is also analyzed
.
C. Formulation of the Problems
The problems are formulated as follows. 1.
What kinds of additions, subtractions, and alterations are found in the Indonesian subtitles of
The Rundown
? 2.
How is the degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of English utterances which are translated using additions, subtractions, and alterations
in
The Rundown
?
D. Research Objectives
Based on formulation of the problem above, this research is aimed at: 1.
describing the kinds of additions, subtractions, and alterations found in the Indonesian subtitles of
The Rundown
, 2.
describing the degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of English utterances which are translated using additions, subtractions, and alterations
in
The Rundown
.
E. Research Significance
This study is expected to give theoretical and practical advantages. Those advantages are as follows.
1. Theoretical Significance
a. The result of this research can be used as a reference for those who have
the same interest in the same field. b.
The result of this research can be used as an input for those who are concerned with language learning and acquisition especially translation.
2. Practical Significance
a. Practically, the result of this research could provide feedback
information for the readers especially the students of the English Department who have the interest in translation.
b. The researcher expects that this research will be beneficial for the
readers especially for beginner translator to provide and improve their understanding about translating a text using translation strategies such
as additions, subtractions, and alterations.
8
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter presents the theoretical review and it is divided into three sections: theoretical description, previous research, and conceptual framework and
analytical construct.
A. Theoretical Description
This section presents the theoretical description and is divided into four parts. The first part provides definitions of translation, types of translation,
translation process, theory of meaning in translation, equivalence in translation, and translation strategies. The second part provides definitions and examples of
additions, subtractions, and alterations. The next part provides the explanation of subtitles. The last part provides information about a movie entitled
The Rundown
as the object of this research.
1. Translation
This part presents the explanation about translation and it is divided into six smaller parts: definitions of translation, types of translation, translation
process, theory of meaning in translation, equivalence in translation, and translation strategies.
