complement into three, which are subject complement, object complement, and predicator complement.
e. Adjunct
Downing and Locke 2003: 58 says that “Adjunct is an optional element of
clause structure which can be omitted without affecting the grammaticality of the clause”. Adjunct is the part of grammatical function which can be added to any of
the basic clause structures, having the flexibelity regarded to position, and the tendency of expressing different types of circumstances. Adjunct is used to add
information about adverbial time and place.
f. Disjunct
According to Downing and Locke 2003: 62, disjunct is not an obligated part in the sentence because it is an optional addition to a clause or sentence. The
usage of disjunct refers to the whole of the clause or sentence. Some examples of disjunct are actually, honestly, and hopefully.
g. Conjunct
Conjunct has a role as a connector between groups, clauses, sentences or paragraph. Based on Downing and Locke 2003: 63 “Conjuncts tell us how the
speaker or writer understands the semantic connection between two utterances, or part of utterances”. There are some example of conjunction such as
and, for, but
and
so
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7. Types of Phrases
Gelderen 2002: 31 says that Sentences can be divided into groups of words that belong together. For
instance, in the nice unicorn ate a delicious meal, the, nice, and unicorn form one such group and a, delicious, and meal form another. We all
know this intuitively. The group of words is called a phrase. If the most important part of the phrase, i.e. the head, is an adjective, the
phrase is an Adjective Phrase; if the most important part of the phrase is a noun, the phrase is a Noun Phrase, and so on.
It means that phrase is a group of words within a sentence. Phrase is in a bigger level than a word, because it contains some words which are being grouped
together. Phrase can be categorized by its head. As Gelderen 2002: 43 states that “a phrase is a group of words forming a unit and united around a head, e.g. a noun
or verb. ” In other words, the head of phrase categorized its types. The types of
phrase can help the writer in defining the reason for using code switching. There are several types of phrases based on Gelderen 2002: 31 which are
noun phrase, adjective phrase, adverbial phrase, verb phrase and prepositional phrase.
a. Noun Phrase
Noun Phrase is a phrase which has a noun as the head. Gelderen 2002: 31 gives an example “the nice unicorn” as a noun phrase. The phrase “the nice
unicorn” here is a noun phrase because it uses unicorn as the head. Gelderen 2002: 31 says that noun phrase can contain determiners, adjectives or other
elements. As the example above, the noun phrase “the nice unicorn” contain the as a determiner and nice as adjectives. In addition, noun phrase can act as a complete
subject or object in a sentence and usually used to refer to objects. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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