Theoretical Framework LITERATURE REVIEW
quoting somebody then would be referred as QS, being emphatic about something then would be referred as BES, interjection then would be referred
as IJ, repetition used for clarification then would be referred as RFC, expressing group identity then would be referred as EGI and lastly, clarifying the speech
contents for interlocutor then would be referred as CSCI. Each of the data would be named by a code based on the number of the
occurrences of code-switching, page in which the code-switching occurs, code- switching types and the reasons for using code-switching. For example, the data
code would be named 2 36 ITAS TPT which would be read as data number 2, page 36, intra-sentential code-switching types, talking about particular topic
reason. This means the data number 2 in page 36 is an intra-sentential code- switching which has been talking about particular topic TPT as the reason for
using code-switching. In the appendix, the writer would make a table. In order to make the context
easier to be understood, the very first row of the table would be used to re-write the dialogue or the narrative part of the novel which contained code-switching in a
one bigger context than the CS Case. Below the context, the writer would make a new row of six large columns.
The first column would be used for the number. The number here was used for numbering the code-switching listed based on its occurrences sequence in the
novel. The second column would be used for the code made by the writer in order to make the data easier to be read and not swapped. The third column was for CS
Case which used to list the code-switching belonged to the novel. The CS Case PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
here meant for every single code-switching which was being analyzed, in a simple context.
The fourth column was dedicated to mention the part, speaker and also page. The part here means the part of the novel which the code-switching
occurred in, either in the dialogue or narration narrative part. The speaker here was the character of the novel that used code-switching. The page here is the page
which the code-switching found was belonged in. In other words, the fourth column was used to named the part which the code-switching occurred, the
speaker and page. Each of it would be separated with a slash . The fifth column was used for types of code-switching. This column then
would be divided into three smaller columns. The three smaller columns here were named as TS which referred to tag switching, ITES which referred to inter-
sentential code-switching and ITAS which referred to intra- sentential code- switching. The three smaller columns of types here were divided based on
Hoffman 1991:10. The last column, sixth column, was for the reason. The column for reason
here then would be divided into seven. It was according to the reason for using the code-switching, theory written by Hoffman 1991: 110. The seven smaller
columns was named as TPT which referred to talking about particular topic, QS which referred to quoting somebody, BES which referred to being emphatic about
something, IJ which referred to interjection, RFC which referred to repetition used for clarification, EGI which referred to expressing group identity and CSCI which
referred to clarifying the speech content for interlocutor. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI