that is analyzed. Besides having a complex story, the novel used by the writer also contains lots of pages. In order to limit the range of focus which is being
analyzed, the writer decided to use chapter three as the research data, because the author tend to focus on what happened in the past, to be precise in New York and
before the problems expands. Fourth, in order to give the reader a glimpse of what the story is about. As stated previously, in chapter three the novel is written about
the past of the characters. Chapter three will help the reader to have a glimpse story of the novel.
B. Problem Formulation
The research questions are formulated as: 1.
What types of code-switching are found in chapter three of Efendi’s
Unbelievable
? 2.
What are the possible reasons for using code-switching in chapter three of Efendi’s
Unbelievable
?
C. Objectives of the Study
There are two objectives in this research. The first one is to observe the types of code-switching that is used in Winna Efendis
Unbelievable
. The types of code switching that are applied in the novel will help the writer in finding out the
second problem formulation. After finding the types, the writer focuses on finding out the possible reason for using code switching in Winna Efendis
Unbelievable.
The theory of possible reason for using code switching used to find out why the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
author of the novel decides to use code switching in the novel.
Unbelievable
has been chosen as the object of this study because of several reasons. First, in this novel, code switching appears in almost every page.
Secondly, various types of code switching can be found in this novel, because the author not only uses one type of code switching, but also the other two types of
code switching, which in this case was proposed by Hoffman 1991:111.
D. Definition of Terms
To avoid some misunderstanding and misinterpretation, the writer provides some definitions of terms that are used in this research.
Sociolinguistics defined as the study of linguistics focusing on the social aspects. According to Trudgill, 1983: 32 sociolinguistics is a “part of linguistics
which is concerned with language as a social and cultural phenomenon”. Trudgill, in his book titled
Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society
also states that Sociolinguistics “has close connections with language
the social sciences, especially social psychology, anthropology, human geography and sociology.”
Code is the term that people uses in the conversation by using a particular way of communication. As stated by Wardhaugh 1992: 103, code
is “a system used for communication between two or mo
re parties.” Wardhaugh also says that code is “the particular dialect or language that a person chooses to use on any
occasion” 1992:103. In other words, it can be said that code is usually used in certain occasion among certain people only.
Code switching is the process of switching, replacing or changing language of the words that is spoken with the other language within one situation. Trudgill
says that code switching is “switching from one language variety to another when
the situation demands” Trudgill, 1974: 75. Hoffman 1991: 110 says
that code switching “involves the alternate use of two languages or linguistics varieties within the same utterance or during the same
conversation.” PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
8
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter elaborates the studies done by other researchers on similar topics and reviews some theories applied in this thesis. The studies similar to this thesis
taken from Cory Adrian Kapa’s, Yanistra Allanto’s and Yacobus Guntur Dwi
Hastoro ’s ones. Each study is reviewed somewhat at length to find the similarities
and the different point of views in order to avoid duplication. Some theories applied are also reviewed and discussed to find a solid ground on which this thesis
is carried on.
A. Review of Related Studies 1. Kapas T
hesis “Code Switching as Seen in
Hitam Putih
Talk Show in 12 June 2013”
This undergraduate thesis discusses code switching that is made by the host and the guest of an Indonesian talk show named
Hitam Putih.
To be more specific, Kapa decided to choose one episode of
Hitam Putih
talkshow which was broadcasted on 12 June 2013.
The code switching was produced when they speak during the talk show. The data of this undergraduate thesis are focused on the spoken code switching in
the conversation between the host and the guest of the show. In addition, what makes this thesis different from Kapa’s is that the object
that is used in conducting the research. This research is dealing with the written PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
object which is a novel by Winna Efendi. The code switching that is used is in form of a written one whe
reas Kapa’s analyzing the code switching found in the broadcasted talk show which means the code switching will be found in the
speech, while the spoken one usually more spontaneous and unpredictable. Besides different in using the object of the research, the second problem of the
research is also different. This thesis focuses on the reasons for using code switching
while Kapa’s research analyzed the function of the code switching found in the
Hitam Putih
talk show.
2. Allantos T hesis “Code Mixing in Fashion Tips Articles as Seen in
Go Girl
November 2013 Edition”
This undergraduate thesis discusses English code switching that is found in the teenage girl magazine. The researcher chooses a magazine named
Go Girl
to be analyzed.
The data of this undergraduate thesis are focused on the code mixing that is found in the translated teenage magazine girl that has more communicative style
of writing. To be more specif ic, Allanto’s chooses code mixing which is found in
the Fashion Tips articles. In addition, what makes this thesis different from Allantos is that the topic
being analysed. This research is focused on the code switching while Allanto’s
focused on the code mixing, a part of code switching. Besides, the object that is used to be analyzed is also different. This research uses a novel which has a
different style of writing from a magazine. The language that is used in the novel PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
