Data Analysis Method of the Study 1.

already been put into the checklist and had been organized. In this section, the writer was also suggested to make further analysis about the data based on its types. The third step was identifying general categories and classifying each piece of the data. In this step, the writer had to identify the categories or the types that had been organized and examined before. The writer had to put the data into each category and also classifying the data, one by one. In this step the data that have been already classified had to be detailed. In the last step of the spiral data analysis which was integrating and summarizing the data. The writer had to summarize and made a clear conclusion based on the data that had already been categorized and the types that had been classified before. 31

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This research has two problems formulation that are stated previously. The first problem is to find the types of code switching and the second problem is to find the reasons for using code switching in Chapter Th ree of Efendi’s Unbelievable . Therefore, this chapter presents the findings and the discussion on those problems.

A. Types of Code Switching in Chapter Three of Efendi’s

Unbelievable In the novel Unbelievable there are 20 chapters, including prologue. Each chapter consist of many narratives sentence and dialogues; however, the writer only analyzed chapter three as the data to limit the focus of the research area. In this chapter, the writer found that in the chapter three of the novel, the author applied two languages which were Indonesian and English. After the whole data were analyzed, the writer found three types of code switching namely emblematic code switching, inter-sentential code switching and intra-sentential code switching were used in the novel both in the narrative part or in the dialogue between the characters of the novel. The writer also found seven reasons for using code switching proposed by Hoffman 1991: 115 applied in this research. The seven reasons for using code switching proposed by Hoffman 1991: 115 are; [1] talking about particular topic TPT, [2] quoting somebody QS, [3] being emphatic about something BES, [4] interjection IJ, [5] repetition used for clarification RFC, [6] expressing group identity EGI and [7] clarifying the speech contents for the interlocutor CSCI. Here is the research result of code switching found in chapter Three of Efendi’s Unbelievable : Reason Type TPT QS BES IJ RFC EGI CSCI Total TS - - - 5 - - - 5 ITES 18 1 4 3 - 1 4 31 ITAS 50 - 1 - 2 - 3 56 Total 68 1 5 8 2 1 7 92 Table 1. Result of code switching in Chapter T hree of Efendi’s Unbelievable The table above listed the amount of code switching data that was found in Efendi’s Unbelievable and details explanation elaborated as follows:

1. Tag Switching Emblematic Code Switching

Tag switching means the switch of language occurs as a tag or sentence filler in one language into an utterance which is entirely in other language. The occurrence of this type of code switching will not change the main point of the sentence. This type of code switching can occur anywhere. But, based on the findings, there are 5 data which are categorized as tag switching. These are the examples of tag switching occurs in the novel Unbelievable by Winna Efendi: Data Code Text 3339TSIJ Dia mengangguk tanpa senyum, tapi ekspresinya, sepertinya dia sudah kenal siapa aku. Well, who doesn’t? Rashi lalu menjatuhkan pandangannya pada charmbracelet yang kukenakan di tangan kiri — the infamous Maybella charmbracelet. This novel tells about Maybella’s story about her friends, their relationship and also lifestyle which is described as she is interested in fashion. This novel is being narrated by Maybella in her point of view. Because the writer sees the novel as a story which is being narrated and re-enacted by Maybella, all the dialogues and conversation will be seen as it is quoted. In this context, Maybella tells about the story of her first meeting and also her first conversation with Rashi. Maybella and Rashi first talk to each other when they are talking about an anecdote about fashion. Maybella narrates about the occasion happens and Rashi’s reaction in Indonesian by saying that Rashi must know who she is. Then code switching occurs in an English which says well, who doesn’t?”, implicitly means who does not know about Maybella, considering her popularity in fashion field. In this case, author describes the situation as if Maybella talks to the reader. In the data above, the switch case appears as one whole sentence. Maybella adds a tag switching which says “well, who doesn’t? when she describes that Rashi must know who she is, indicating that nobody does not know her. The tag sentence in this context used as a sentence filler. Based on the narrative part, which is told by Maybella as I, the sentence “well, who doesn’t?” here is categorized as tag switching, because it is a tag sentence, and the occurrence of the sentence “well, who doesn’t?” can be omitted. This tag switching can be omitted because the occurrence of this is not significance. The meaning of the whole context will not change if this tag switching is omitted. The second data of tag switching was found in a form exclamation in the page 86. Here is the data below: Data Code Text 8645TSIJ Menurut Marion, satu-satunya kekurangan Rashi adalah keuntungan buat kami. “Rashi punya banyak banget haters. Coba, deh, lo minta orang- orang di VIS yang benci banget sama Rashi buat angkat tangan. Gue berani jamin, hampir semuanya bakal langsung melakukannya.” Hmmm. Bener juga, sih. Lalu, lahirlah game plan untuk menjatuhkan Rashi. Teori Marion adalah, orang-orang nggak berani ngelawan Rashi karena mereka takut. Kalau VIS punya clique leader baru yang disukai, akan lebih mudah mengumpulkan sekutu untuk melawan Rashi. Maka, kami merencanakan anonymous hate mails yang dimasukkan ke dalam loker Rashi, juga gosip- gosip yang dituliskan di dinding toilet cewek dan gasp cowok, semua tujuannya nggak lain untuk menghancurkan reputasinya. This part of the novel tells about Maybella and Marion’s discussion when they are talking about their plan to take Rashi down. In the previous, Maybella PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI described as a popular model, but soon after she moved to Jakarta and being friends with Rashi, Maybella treated as Rashi’s sidekick. Maybella who feels bad about it, telling about the bad treatment she received from others to Marion when she was drunk. Then Maybella and Marion make a plan together to take Rashi down as they feel envy towards Rashi. In this context, Maybella tells about the story when she is having a discussion with Marion about Rashi. Maybella narrates about the occasion happens and starting to describe their plans to take Rashi down. Maybella starts to tell about their game plan, by sending anonymous hate mails until spreading and writing gossips about Rashi in toilet. Then code switching occurs in an English which says gasp implicitly expressing her surprise. In this case, the speaker re- enacted the situation happens at that time. The code switching occurs when the speaker switch the language she used from Indonesian language to English language. In the data above, the switch case appears as an exclamation of one word of expression. Maybella adds an exclamation gasp to express her surprise because Marion writing gossips about Rashi in the Male’s toilet which is considered as an unexpected situation in the story. The exclamation gasp in this context used as a sentence filler. Based on the narrative part, which is told by Maybella as I, the exclamation gasp here is categorized as tag switching, because it is an exclamation, and the occurrence of the exclamation gasp can be omitted. This tag switching can be omitted because the occurrence of this is not significance. The meaning of the whole context will not change if this tag switching is omitted.