is less-communicative than the language used in the magazine. The language used in the magazine is also different from other written object such as drama and
poetry.
3. Hastoros T hesis “The Possible Reasons and the Readers Opinion on a
Code Switching Phenomenon in
Cosmogirl
Indonesia n Magazine”
This undergraduate thesis discusses the possible reasons and the readers opinion on a code switching phenomenon that is found in
Cosmogirl,
an Indonesian magazine. This work is more focused on the reasons behind the use of
code switching in the style of writing in the
Cosmogirl.
This undergraduate thesis is also analyzing the opinion of the readers, because
Cosmogirl
is a popular magazine, especially among the teenager.
The data of this undergraduate thesis are compiled by interviewing some people that has been read or given the
Cosmogirl
magazine. Hastoro distributed questioner to people who had read the
Cosmopolitan
magazine. In addition, what makes this research different from Hastoros thesis is that
the focusing area which in this research, the writer focuses in finding two aspects, the types of code switching and also the possible reason of using code switching
in the Efendis
Unbelievable
, while Hastoros thesis is focusing in the reason behind the use of code switching in
Cosmogirl
Indonesian Magazine, and does not find the types of code switching.
Hastoro’s also analyzed reader’s opinion of the code switching used. Besides, the object that is used to be analyzed is also
different. This research uses novel as the object of the research while Hastoro uses PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
a magazine as the object of his research. The language used in magazine is more communicative than novel.
B. Review of Related Theories 1. Theories of Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics defined as the study of linguistics focusing on the social aspects. According to Trudgill, 1983: 32 sociolinguistics is a “part of linguistics
which is concerned with language as a social and cultural phenomenon”. Trudgill defines sociolinguistics as the branch of linguistics that is dealing with
social and cultural phenomenon. Trudgill, in his book titled
Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society
also states that Sociolinguistics “has close connections with language
in the social sciences, especially social psychology, anthropology, human geography and sociology.” In this part, Trudgill states that sociolinguistics has
connections with other aspects of social sciences that influence sociolinguistics.
2. Code
Code is the term that people used in the conversation by using a particular way to communicate. As
stated by Wardhaugh 1992: 103, code is “a system used for communication between two or mo
re parties.” Wardhaugh also says that code is “the particular dialect or language that a person chooses to use on any occasion”
1992:103. In other words, it can be said that code is usually used in certain occasion within certain people only.
3. Code Switching
Code switching is a term used to define the act when people use two languages in the same occasion. People tend to switch the words in the different
language. Trudgill, in his book,
Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society,
defines that code switching is “switching from one language variety
to another when the situation demands” Trudgill, 1974: 75. In other words, code switching is the process of switching, replacing or changing language of the
words that they speak with the other language within one situation. Hoffman 1991: 110 says that code switching
“involves the alternate use of two languages or linguistics varieties within the same utterance or during the same
conversation.” However, McLaughin 1984, as cited by Hoffman 1991: 110 emphasizes
that “the distinction between mixing and switching by referring to code-switches as language changes occurring across phrase or sentence
boundaries, whereas code-mixes take place within sentences and usually involve single lexical items.”
4. Types of Code Switching
According to Hoffman’s
An Introduction to Bilingualism
1991: 111
,
there are three types of code switching proposed by Hoffman. The types of code switching
proposed by Hoffman are distinguished by grammatical classification.
a. Tag Switching Emblematic Code Switching
Poplack 1980 as cited by Hoffman 1991: 113 says that “emblematic code
