e. Repetition Used for Clarification
In order to clarify the utterances, sometimes a bilingual tend to repeat what he she’s been saying. As cited in Hidayat 2012: 2, Hoffman 1991 explains that
When a bilingual wants to clarify hisher speech so that it will be understood more by the listener, heshe can sometimes use both of the
languages that he masters saying the same utterance the utterance is said repeatedly. Hidayat, 2012: 2
Saying repeatedly means the speaker will speak in both languages, either using his first language then repeating it with the same meaning in the second
language or using her his second language first then using the first language. The main idea in for this reason is using the same meaning for both languages. In this
case, the repetition used can be used for clarifying the speaker’s utterances before.
f. Expressing Group Identity and Solidarity
Hoffman 1991 says “Code switching can also be used to express group
identity. The ways of communication of academic people are obviously different from other groups. ” It means that the way of communication of one community
can be different from people from the outside of community. The language used by people in community A might be different from people in community B, it
might be affected by people around them. It also has a similarity with social status. In the case of social status, people in high social status will be different
from people in the lower social status than her him. For example, people in Kraton Solo. The people in high social status will be used Krama Inggil which is
more polite to be heard than Ngoko. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
g. Clarifying the Speech Contents for the Interlocutor
As cited in Hidayat 2012: 2 Hoffman 1991 said When bilingual talks to another bilingual, there will be lots of code
switching and code mixing occur. The appearance of code switching can be used to make the content of hisher speech runs smoothly and
can be understood by the hearer. Hidayat, 2012: 2
In this last reason for using code switching, in order to be understood by the hearer, the speaker might use code switching to clarify their speech. It means that
for the sake of the listener and to make the conversation runs smoothly, the speaker might switch her his first language into her his second language so that
her his utterances will be understood. Different from repetition used for clarification, in this reason, the speaker might not repeat what has been said, but
only adding some explanation. By switching the language, the speaker also the important things or the message of her his utterances can be delivered well.
6. Grammatical Function
Grammatical function can be defined as “the roles which various phrases or
clauses play in the overall structure.” Mellish, 2016: 8 Grammatical function
can help the writer in defining its types of phrase which then will be used to define the reason for using code switching.
According to Downing and Locke 2003: 26 there are seven part of grammatical function which are subject, predicator, object, complement, adjunct,
disjunct, and conjunct. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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