c. Intra-sentential Code Switching
Intra-sentential code switching occurs when there is a language change within a sentence. In other words, the intra-sentential switch here occurs when the
speaker switching within one sentence. But, intra-sentential code switching then divided into two. Intra-sentential code switching in a form of words can be
defined as code mixing. Poplack 1980; McLaughin 1984; Appel and Muysken 1987 as cited in Hoffman 1991: 104 said that:
Switches occurring at the lexical level within a sentence intra-sentential switches are referred
to as „code- mixes’ and „code- mixing’. On the other hand, changes over phrases or sentences inter-sentential, including tags
and exclamation s at either end of the sentence, are called „code- switches’
or code- switching’. Hoffman, 1991: 104
5. Reasons for Using Code switching
Hoffman in his book 1991: 115 states that “the reasons for code switching are
manifold. Many of them are of contex tual, situational and personal kind.”
Meanwhile there are several reasons why people using code switching stated by Hoffman in his book 1991: 115 as follows:
a. Talking about Particular Topic
Hoffman 1991: 115 says that Talking about particular topic may cause a switch, either because of
lack of facility in the relevant register or because certain items trigger off various connotations, which are linked to experiences. Hoffman,
1991:115
Talking about particular topic can cause a switch because of lack of facility or words which is relevant. In this case, the lack of facility here means when there
is no appropriate word to be used or represent to describe, so that the speaker choose to use code switching.
According to Hoffman 1991: 15 as cited in Hidayat 2012: 2, talking about particular topic also consist of talking about some specific topic, specific
terms and also showing the feelings of the speaker. In some cases, the speaker tend to switch her his language in order to show her his feelings or showing
emotions. It means that code switching uses also to show the speaker’s feelings.
b. Quoting Somebody Else
Hoffman stated that one of the reasons for using code switching is because the speaker is quoting somebody else. It means that the speaker choose to use
code switching to quote some famous saying or someone’s utterances. The idea of
quoting itself means saying as it is and not being paraphrased. It means the speaker will re-tell the exact saying or utterances of other people in the same style
as its original. This case usually occurs when someone quote famous saying or anecdote. The speaker will unintentionally using the original language of the
famous saying or the anecdote itself without translating it into the speaker’s
language.
c. Being Emphatic about Something
Hoffman 1991 says as cited in Hidayat 2012: 2 Usually, when someone who is talking using a language that is not his
native tongue suddenly wants to be emphatic about something heshe, either intentionally or unintentionally, will switch from his second
language to his first language. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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