Object of the Study

here meant for every single code-switching which was being analyzed, in a simple context. The fourth column was dedicated to mention the part, speaker and also page. The part here means the part of the novel which the code-switching occurred in, either in the dialogue or narration narrative part. The speaker here was the character of the novel that used code-switching. The page here is the page which the code-switching found was belonged in. In other words, the fourth column was used to named the part which the code-switching occurred, the speaker and page. Each of it would be separated with a slash . The fifth column was used for types of code-switching. This column then would be divided into three smaller columns. The three smaller columns here were named as TS which referred to tag switching, ITES which referred to inter- sentential code-switching and ITAS which referred to intra- sentential code- switching. The three smaller columns of types here were divided based on Hoffman 1991:10. The last column, sixth column, was for the reason. The column for reason here then would be divided into seven. It was according to the reason for using the code-switching, theory written by Hoffman 1991: 110. The seven smaller columns was named as TPT which referred to talking about particular topic, QS which referred to quoting somebody, BES which referred to being emphatic about something, IJ which referred to interjection, RFC which referred to repetition used for clarification, EGI which referred to expressing group identity and CSCI which referred to clarifying the speech content for interlocutor. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Here is the picture of the table: No . Data Code CS Case Part Speaker Page Types Reason T S I T E S I T A S T P T Q S B E S I J R F C E G I C S C I The writer also followed the spiral data analysis that created by Creswell 2003: 239. Cresswell divided the spiral data analysis in four steps, which were organizing the data, examining the data, identifying general categories and classifying each piece of data, and the last, integrating and summarizing the data. The step was needed because the purpose of this research is dealing with the types of code switching that is used in the novel. In order to know the types that mostly- used by the author, the writer chose to use the steps proposed by Cresswell. The first step of the spiral data was organizing the data. It means that the writer had to read the novel and the writer had to collect the data by making a checklist. After making a checklist, the writer had to organize the data that was about to be used. The second step of the spiral data analysis was examining the data. Examining the data means that the writer was re-checking again the data that had PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI