7. Types of Phrases
Gelderen 2002: 31 says that Sentences can be divided into groups of words that belong together. For
instance, in the nice unicorn ate a delicious meal, the, nice, and unicorn form one such group and a, delicious, and meal form another. We all
know this intuitively. The group of words is called a phrase. If the most important part of the phrase, i.e. the head, is an adjective, the
phrase is an Adjective Phrase; if the most important part of the phrase is a noun, the phrase is a Noun Phrase, and so on.
It means that phrase is a group of words within a sentence. Phrase is in a bigger level than a word, because it contains some words which are being grouped
together. Phrase can be categorized by its head. As Gelderen 2002: 43 states that “a phrase is a group of words forming a unit and united around a head, e.g. a noun
or verb. ” In other words, the head of phrase categorized its types. The types of
phrase can help the writer in defining the reason for using code switching. There are several types of phrases based on Gelderen 2002: 31 which are
noun phrase, adjective phrase, adverbial phrase, verb phrase and prepositional phrase.
a. Noun Phrase
Noun Phrase is a phrase which has a noun as the head. Gelderen 2002: 31 gives an example “the nice unicorn” as a noun phrase. The phrase “the nice
unicorn” here is a noun phrase because it uses unicorn as the head. Gelderen 2002: 31 says that noun phrase can contain determiners, adjectives or other
elements. As the example above, the noun phrase “the nice unicorn” contain the as a determiner and nice as adjectives. In addition, noun phrase can act as a complete
subject or object in a sentence and usually used to refer to objects. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
b. Adjective Phrase and Adverbial Phrase
Adjective phrase is a phrase with adjective as the head, while adverbial phrase is a phrase with adverb as the head. Gelderen 2002: 35 says that
AdjPs are built around adjectives, which indicate properties of nouns; AdvPs are built around adverbs which indicate qualities of verbs,
adverbs, and adjectives. Since adjectives and adverbs have this qualifying function, they themselves are optionally accompanied by a
degree marker such as very, too, extremely, really. Gelderen, 2002: 35
It means that these two kinds of phrase have optional functions, which can be combined with a degree marker such as very, too, extremely and really.
c. Verb Phrase
Verb phrase is a phrase with verb as the head and can indicate as an action or a sensation. The verb in verb phrase can be in the present or past tense. A verb
phrase is usually combined with other words that cannot be left out; as Gelderen 2002: 35 says
“some VPs include other obligatory material, i.e. words or phrases that cannot easily be left out
”. For example, listen to the radio. In the case above, the verb
“listen” indicate an action, and the word “listen” will always be followed with to + object.
Gelderen 2002: 36 also adds that “the VP can also include optional
material that explains when, where, why, and how the action or state that the verb describes took place.
” As Gelderen 2002: 35 gives an example further that: a VP is built around a verb, which can indicate
an action, as in 12a [wrote the letter], a state, as in 12b [was in the garden],
or a sensation, as in 12c [was very small]. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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