Quoting Somebody Else Being Emphatic about Something

a. Subject

Downing and Locke 2003: 32 said that subject is a mandatory for a sentence. Subject can also be referred to a pronoun and can be said as the cause, agent or doer of the action . Subject is placed before the predicator. There are some example of subject, such as I, they, we, you, he and it.

b. Predicator

According to Downing and Locke 2003 : 39 “predicator is the verbal component of a clause. It indicates the process type and is ascociated with the meanings expressed by tense, aspect, modality, voice and phase.” In other meaning, predicator is the action or a change in state and it refers to verb.

c. Object

There are three types of object according to Downing and Locke 2003: 41 which are Direct Object, Indirect Object, and Prepositional Object. Direct Object is the single object in a transitive clause. It is placed after the predicator followed by indirect object. Indirect Object always which placed after predicator in a clause or a sentence with two objects can be omitted. Indirect object has roles as the recepient of an action and beneficiary.

d. Complement

Complement is a part of grammatical functions that completes the meaning expressed by the subject and predicator. Downing and Locke 2003: 50 divided complement into three, which are subject complement, object complement, and predicator complement.

e. Adjunct

Downing and Locke 2003: 58 says that “Adjunct is an optional element of clause structure which can be omitted without affecting the grammaticality of the clause”. Adjunct is the part of grammatical function which can be added to any of the basic clause structures, having the flexibelity regarded to position, and the tendency of expressing different types of circumstances. Adjunct is used to add information about adverbial time and place.

f. Disjunct

According to Downing and Locke 2003: 62, disjunct is not an obligated part in the sentence because it is an optional addition to a clause or sentence. The usage of disjunct refers to the whole of the clause or sentence. Some examples of disjunct are actually, honestly, and hopefully.

g. Conjunct

Conjunct has a role as a connector between groups, clauses, sentences or paragraph. Based on Downing and Locke 2003: 63 “Conjuncts tell us how the speaker or writer understands the semantic connection between two utterances, or part of utterances”. There are some example of conjunction such as and, for, but and so . PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI