g. Clarifying the Speech Contents for the Interlocutor
As cited in Hidayat 2012: 2 Hoffman 1991 said When bilingual talks to another bilingual, there will be lots of code
switching and code mixing occur. The appearance of code switching can be used to make the content of hisher speech runs smoothly and
can be understood by the hearer. Hidayat, 2012: 2
In this last reason for using code switching, in order to be understood by the hearer, the speaker might use code switching to clarify their speech. It means that
for the sake of the listener and to make the conversation runs smoothly, the speaker might switch her his first language into her his second language so that
her his utterances will be understood. Different from repetition used for clarification, in this reason, the speaker might not repeat what has been said, but
only adding some explanation. By switching the language, the speaker also the important things or the message of her his utterances can be delivered well.
6. Grammatical Function
Grammatical function can be defined as “the roles which various phrases or
clauses play in the overall structure.” Mellish, 2016: 8 Grammatical function
can help the writer in defining its types of phrase which then will be used to define the reason for using code switching.
According to Downing and Locke 2003: 26 there are seven part of grammatical function which are subject, predicator, object, complement, adjunct,
disjunct, and conjunct. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
a. Subject
Downing and Locke 2003: 32 said that subject is a mandatory for a sentence. Subject can also be referred to a pronoun and can be said as the cause,
agent or doer of the action
.
Subject is placed before the predicator. There are some example of subject, such as I, they, we, you, he and it.
b. Predicator
According to Downing and Locke 2003 : 39 “predicator is the verbal
component of a clause. It indicates the process type and is ascociated with the meanings expressed by tense, aspect, modality, voice and phase.” In other
meaning, predicator is the action or a change in state and it refers to verb.
c. Object
There are three types of object according to Downing and Locke 2003: 41 which are Direct Object, Indirect Object, and Prepositional Object. Direct Object
is the single object in a transitive clause. It is placed after the predicator followed by indirect object. Indirect Object always which placed after predicator in a clause
or a sentence with two objects can be omitted. Indirect object has roles as the recepient of an action and beneficiary.
d. Complement
Complement is a part of grammatical functions that completes the meaning expressed by the subject and predicator. Downing and Locke 2003: 50 divided
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