General Policy Direction Cross-cutting
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Not only that, it is necessary to enhance understanding on possibilities of selecting and carrying out mitigation options in several sectors to maintain
synergy level and avoid conlicts with other dimensions of sustainable development.
Climate change-related policies are seldom applied separately from other policies. Instead, they are applied in the form of series of policies with other
policies, for example with development related policies. In conducting climate change mitigation actions, one or more policy instruments must be applied.
Several national policies and instruments are made available in order to be able to create incentives for mitigation actions to be done, like what is done
in other countries, namely government support through inancial contribution, tax credit, standard setting and creation of markets important to effective
technological development, innovation and use.
However, considering that public policies often bring about unexpected side-effects or far-less-than-expected ones, reporting becomes important
for climate change policy integration because it can improve accountability and learning. Stable condition also guarantees country development such as
Indonesia to get other supports, for example technological transfer and funds.
In general, NAMAs can use a large spectrum of policy instruments of GHG emission reduction such as: i economic and iscal policies, for example
carbon tax, fuel subsidy removal, or emission trade; ii target economic and iscal policies, for example subsidy for energy-saving investment, feed-in tariffs
for renewable energy technologies, or inancial incentives; iii standards, for example vehicles’ fuel consumption, rules and construction certiication, or
tools standard and labelling for energy eficiency; iv knowledge-transferring information and education, for example public awareness campaigns, energy
analysis audit, or demonstration actions or trainings; and v Research and low-carbon technological developments and new energy more suitable for
dealing with climate change issues that must be analyzed at the national level to evaluate its application before the implementation phase.
Furthermore, effectiveness of the impacts of proposed policy instrument implementation needs to be analyzed in order to understand how much it can
improve low-carbon economic development.
Therefore, it is clearly obvious that the application depends on the national framework and sectors, national situation and understanding on the interaction
at the national and international levels.
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Figure 10 describes a logical low of integration of climate change policies which constitutes a connection of key elements for reaching the whole action
at the national level in meeting GHG emission reduction targets at the national level.
State of Economy, Social, and Environment
Mandatory Progarmmes Oppotunities Related with Climate
Change Mitigation Policies Strategy
Policies Instruments Outcome
Figure 10.
Flow of Climate Change Policy
Integration.
According to the UN Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC, article 3.4 it is mentioned that the parties possess the right for, and should promote
sustainable development.
Thus, policies and measures to protect the world from climate change that is especially resulted from human beings should be in line with the condition of
each party and should be integrated with the national development program, while taking into consideration that economic development is essential for
adopting measures to address climate change.
The question of consistency between climate change objectives and other policy goals is rarely discussed in the general strategy development. There is
even a tendency to overlook inconsistencies between climate change issues and other issues, while potential synergies are highlighted in the climate
change-related policies.
Some ways of integrating policies can be done through integration of cross- cutting cross-sectoral policy integration or by-sector policy integration within
and across all levels of government see Figure 11.
Cross sectoral policy refers to cross sectoral measures and procedures to mainstream a comprehensive integration of climate change strategies and
the integration of climate change mitigation into public policies that include
Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan
30
broad climate change strategies and preparation adoption of new regulations and the annual national budget.
Meanwhile, sectoral integration within the governmental levels refers to the integration of climate policies into speciic or certain sectors by various
entities under supervision of a ministry.
Climate change mitigation actions are often seen in the context of just one level of governance or, if several levels are concerned they are viewed simply
as a top-down control hierarchy. However, it is clear that mitigation actions concern all levels from the local level to global level, and their interactions are
complex and multi-directional. Therefore, the mitigation strategies must be implemented in by-sector strategies and measures.
TRANSPORTATION POLICIES
MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION
GOVERNOR
BUPATI DIVISION
AGENCY
AGENCY DIVISION
DIVISION INDUSTRY
POLICIES MINISTRY OF
INDUSTRY ENERGY
POLICIES MINISTRY OF
ENERGY
SECT ORAL
POLICIES INTEGRA TION
CROSS CUTTING POLICIES INTEGRATION NATIONAL
LEVEL
PROVINCIAL LEVEL
DISTRICT LEVEL
Figure 11.
Cross-Cutting and By-Sector Climate
Change Policy Integration.