BAU Baseline Development Concept and Methodology for the Waste Management Sector

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan 70 • Management of garbage collected in a collective manner; and • Separateindependent garbage management. The baseline for domestic solid waste must be developed from sub-national level data local government so that it will form a national baseline. Suggested measures for the baseline development process from the domestic solid waste sub-sector include: 1. Calculation of total number of urban and district solid waste based on: a Historical data on population b Level of garbage pile per day based on types of cities districts can be taken from SNI 19-3983-1995 c Garbage composition based on primary data or accountable research results d Numberpercentage of garbage transported to TPA, processed in biological, incineration and open burning ways. e Speciications of TPA well-managed, poorly-managed, in between 2. Development of projected emission scenario trend from the total garbage pile, collection, transporting, process and inal dumping; and 3. Baseline development from projected garbage management scenario based on cost effectiveness and implementation levels by considering population growth and level of garbage pile rate. Industrial and Domestic Liquid Waste A similar approach must be usesd to develop a baseline for domestic waste water. However, domestic waste water is not only a local issue. Therefore, future domestic waste water management planning must be performed at the national level. The data needed to develop a national level baseline for domestic water waste is: • Current and forecast population data. • Composition of number of processed and unprocessed liquid waste based on each type: Processed: anaerobic, digester, septictank, and laterine Unprocessed: dumped to sea, river, lake and lowing and non-lowing dirty water ways. • Data on population protein consumption per capita for indirect N2O calculation. • Current data and future planning related to domestic waste water management is based on cost effectiveness and implementation level which includes percentage of domestic waste water management coverage for integrated and communal onsite, offsite, IPAL system as well as future domestic waste water management coverage target.. Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan 71 GHG emissions calculated for liquid waste are CH4 and N2O only while CO2 liquid waste is not calculated because it is categorized as a natural biological process biogenic origin For the industrial waste sector baseline, the needed data includes: • Volume of liquid waste per product for each type of industries • Waste speciications CODm3 for each type of industries • Liquid waste management methods for each type of industries. There are several types of industry to be prioritized in calculation. Based on IPCC, the following industries can potentially emit large amounts of CH4: • Pulp and paper manufacturing • Meat and poultry processing animal slaughtering houses • Production of alcohol, beer and tapioca • Production of organic chemical substance • Other food and drink processing dairy products, vegetable oil, fruits and vegetable, canning, juice making, etc National Business as Usual Baseline for Aggregated Waste Sector BAU Baseline for PROVINCIAL Domestic Waste Solid Waste Management Planning DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE BAU Baseline for citydistrict domestic solid waste uses scenario based on price effectiveness and implementation level • CItyDistrict 1 • CItyDistrict ... Collected and transported Current and Future Planning • Open Dumping • Sanitary Landill • Decompsing • Burned Not collected current and future planning • Open burning • Decomposing • Open Dumping • Disposal to River BAU Baseline for citydistrict domestic waste water uses scenario based on cost effectiveness and implementation level • CityDistrict 1 • CityDistrict ... Domestic Waste Water Management Planning DOMESTIC WASTE WATER INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTER INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER BAU Baseline for industrial solid waste uses scenario based on cost effectiveness and implementation level • Industry 1 • Industry ... Industrial solid waste management planning • Industry 1 • Industry ... Industrial waste water management planning • Industry 1 • ndustry ... BAU Baseline for industrial waste uses scenario based on cost effectiveness and implementation level • Industry 1 • industry ... BAU Baseline Limbah Industri Table 14. Baseline Development Process in the Waste Sector. Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan 72

4.2.6.3 Proposed GHG Emission Reduction Potential Scenario

Generally, potential GHG emission reduction scenarios can include several approaches as follows: 1. Strengthen and push efforts to link economic growth and waste production in volume and type. 2. Accelerate transition to a sustainable consumption pattern. Ideally, garbage reduction scenarios must discuss all cycles starting from minimizing waste, through eco-eficient design products, continued by recycling and reusing, to dumping of residual garbage which cannot be recycled or reused in an environmentally friendly mode. Closed loop systems based on industrial ecology, namely industry that bases raw materials on other industrial waste is a model that can bring inspiration. 3. Based on an approach that emphasizes material economic recovery which is still useful for production process’ raw materials. 4. Push waste-to-energy efforts both in industrial scope by using industrial industries as fuel, and in TPA and IPAL by capturing CH4 produced from a garbage decomposing process for fuel. 5. Push garbage reduction through composting of 3R-based organic waste 6. Provide suficient services and infrastructures for garbage collection and dumping. TPA is equipped with alkali processing and methane gas capturing systems equiped by lare or with advanced methane gas usage. 7. Provided framework should be timely and comprehensive based on local situation. 8. Involve some stakeholders at each phase of waste low. In addition, improve the capacity of all stakeholders intensively including technical workers in local and city governments and related agencies responsible for the development and implementation of waste management plans. 9. Push various industries that produce liquid waste with high organic contents such as palm oil, sugar industries, etc. to use environmentally friendly waste-processing technologies for instance: lagoon processing system should be replaced into anaerobic digester, ultra high temperature aerobic fermentation system YM Aerobes with gas capturing system. 10. For more detailed technical explanation, a special technical guideline will be developed for the waste industry’s NAMAs which will immediately be developed separately from this guideline.

4.2.6.4 MRV Key Indicators for the Waste Sector

Basically, key indicators must demonstrate changes and effects from mitigation actions for related sectors. The following table shows potential key indicators for the domestic solid waste sub-sector. Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan 73 Related key indicators for domestic waste water and industrial waste water must have characteristics similar to domestic solid waste. The key indicators must include quantitative indicators such as produced waste water volume, waste water processing, and GHG mitigation results tCO2capita for domestic waste water and tCO2tons of production for industrial waste water. Whereas, qualitative indicators include policies implemented in the industrial and domestic waste water sectors. Then, it is necessary to conduct analysis to identify more detailed key indicators as well as institutions involved in domestic and industrial waste water.

4.2.6.5 Policies, Mitigation Actions and Instruments for the Waste Sector

To implement and develop proposed potential mitigation actions in the waste sector, the following objectives should be considered: 1. Deining mitigation goals in long-term garbage management strategy linked with sustainable garbage management context as part of sustainable development and poverty alleviation. 2. Improving garbage management system, infrastructures and technologies by considering GHG mitigation goals. 3. Sustaining implementation of garbage reduction, recycling and reuse. 4. Improving capacity and technological transfer for effective mitigation efforts in the context of sustainable garbage management. Table 15. MRV Key Indicators for the Waste Industry. Quantitative Garbage Source Condition • Number of minimized garbage piles number of garbage • Number of garbage recycled and reused from source points • Number of garbage decomposed in source points Domestic Solid Waste Transportation Condition • Number of garbage collected and transported to TPA Garbage Management Condition • Number of open dumping closed and changed into sanitary landill • Number of centrally decomposed garbage • Number of burned garbage GHG Mitigation Results • GHG emission reduction in tCO2capita or tCO2tons of garbage Qualitative • Policy on garbage reduction in the sources implemented • 3R policy adopted and implemented • Appointment of responsible institutions • Community’s improved capacity on garbage management implemented . • Policy on closure of open dumping adopted and implemented. • Local decision in proposing mitigation actions in the garbage sector