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Waste can be separated into several key categories according to type and characters, as well as arrangement method and organization in handling
it See Picture 25. In general waste management GHG main sources are categorized as
1. Solid Waste
- Landill TPA • Well managed landill
• Poorly-managed landill open dumping • Dumping sites categorized between well-managed and poorly
managed - Biological Processing
- Incineration and open burning • Incineration
• Open burning - Handling and processing of industrial solid waste including sludge
2. Liquid waste a. Processing and disposal of domestic liquid waste
b. Processing and disposal of industrial liquid waste 3. Other wastes
a. Clinical and B3 wastes b. Agricultural waste not calculated in this category but on AFOLU
With respect to the development of NAMAs in the waste management sector, the scope of discussion includes the sub-sectors of domestic solid waste,
domestic liquid waste and industrial liquid waste.
Several projections and estimations of GHG emission in the waste sector have been done as initial information for developing baseline or mitigation
scenarios for NAMAs.
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Waste management, especially in the solid wastegarbage sub-sector, is the responsibility of local governments. Nevertheless there are still many
problems related to the management of the waste sector, such as: a. Majority of cities in Indonesia do not yet have master planning for waste
management; b. Solid waste management has yet to get priorities in the development of
local government policies so that minimum funds are channelled for waste management;
c. Conlicts in the establishment selection of landill sites are caused by social and administrative problems;
d. Limited facilities and manpower to collect, transport, dump garbage so that not all garbage produced can be transported and managed in the Landill
TPA; e. Poor physical quality and operations of TPA. Most of TPAs are “open
dumping”, which causes water, air and land pollution; f. Organic garbage management into composts has not gotten special
attention;
WASTE
BIOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE PROCESSING
COMPOSTING
INCINERATION AND OPEN BURNING OF
SOLID WASTE
PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF LIQUID
WASTE
OTHERS
DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
WELL MANAGED LAND FILL
POORLY MANAGED LAND FILL
INCINERATION
PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF
DOMESTIC LIQUID WASTE
LANDFILL IN CATAGORY IN
BETWEEN WELL AND POORLY MANAGED
OPEN BURNING
DISPOSAL AND DISPOSAL OF
INDUSTRY LIQUID WASTE
Gambar 24.
Structure and Category of The
Waste Sector. Modiied from
2006 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories, Volume 5, Waste.
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g. Lack of quality data for basis of emission calculation and for BAU scenario development.
Similar problems are also located in the sub-sectors of domestic liquid waste, and industrial liquid waste, especially data availability for calculation.
4.2.6.2 BAU Baseline Development Concept and Methodology for the Waste Management Sector
Establishing the Business As Usual BAUBaseline for the waste management sector is an important step to evaluate potential GHG mitigation scenarios
and actions. The development must be based on projections for future waste management planning, other scenarios such as MDG targets for domestic
waste water, and the implementation of Law No 182008 at the local level for domestic solid waste, by taking into consideration historical data and future
scenarios of populaton and garbage management.
For industrial waste water, the current data and future forecast increases as well as development scenarios from key industries need to be identiied in
developing the baseline.
Overall, the sub-sectors of domestic liquid waste, industrial liquid waste as well as domestic solid waste must be considered in the baseline development.
Based on Annex II Perpres Presidential Regulation No. 61 year 2011, the Ministry of Environment KLH is authorized to conduct the waste sector GHG
inventory. Therefore, the Ministry of Environment is competent in the development of the national waste sector BAU scenario, with support of solid waste data
and planning from the Ministry of Public Works PU. Similarly, provincial level baseline development BAU for the waste management sector can be done by
the provincial BPLHD Local Environmental Agency. The provincial BAPPEDA Local Development Planning Agency can take a role as a coordinator for BAU
development of all sectors or as a cross-cutting coordinator.
Domestic Solid Waste The Scenario for determining the baseline conditions for domestic solid waste
includes: • Total garbage produced, composition and data of population as well as
garbage pile rate; • Current conditiosn and future planning of garbage management including
transportation, inal management, and garbage management practices such as burning or biological management;
• Percentage of garbage transported to TPA;
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• Management of garbage collected in a collective manner; and • Separateindependent garbage management.
The baseline for domestic solid waste must be developed from sub-national level data local government so that it will form a national baseline. Suggested
measures for the baseline development process from the domestic solid waste sub-sector include:
1. Calculation of total number of urban and district solid waste based on:
a Historical data on population b Level of garbage pile per day based on types of cities districts can be
taken from SNI 19-3983-1995 c Garbage composition based on primary data or accountable research
results d Numberpercentage of garbage transported to TPA, processed in
biological, incineration and open burning ways. e Speciications of TPA well-managed, poorly-managed, in between
2. Development of projected emission scenario trend from the total garbage pile, collection, transporting, process and inal dumping; and
3. Baseline development from projected garbage management scenario based on cost effectiveness and implementation levels by considering
population growth and level of garbage pile rate.
Industrial and Domestic Liquid Waste A similar approach must be usesd to develop a baseline for domestic waste
water. However, domestic waste water is not only a local issue. Therefore, future domestic waste water management planning must be performed at the
national level.
The data needed to develop a national level baseline for domestic water waste is:
• Current and forecast population data. • Composition of number of processed and unprocessed liquid waste based
on each type: Processed: anaerobic, digester, septictank, and laterine
Unprocessed: dumped to sea, river, lake and lowing and non-lowing dirty water ways.
• Data on population protein consumption per capita for indirect N2O calculation.
• Current data and future planning related to domestic waste water management is based on cost effectiveness and implementation level
which includes percentage of domestic waste water management coverage for integrated and communal onsite, offsite, IPAL system as well as future
domestic waste water management coverage target..
