Process of Translation REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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2.1.1. The Concept of Translation

The term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general subjectfield, the product the text that has been translated or the process the act of producingthe translation, otherwise known as translating.The process of translation betweentwo different written languages involves the translator changing an original written text thesource text or ST in the original verbal language the source language or SL into awritten text the target text or TT in a different verbal language the target language orTL. According to JiříLevý Venutti: 2000, 148, translation is a process of communication: the objective of translating is to impart the knowledge of the original to the foreign reader. He also states, “From the point of view of the working situation of the translator at any moment of his work that is from the pragmatic point of view, translating is a DECISION PROCESS: a series of a certain number of consecutive situations – moves, as in a game – situations imposing on the translator the necessity of choosing among certain and very often exactly definable number of alternatives.”

2.2. Process of Translation

Process is a several activities that is purposely done. Translation process can be defined as a several activities which is done by a translator when he transfers the meaning of ideas or informations from source language into target language. Translation process can also be defined as a certain system in tranlation activity. Therefore, the translator need to be careful in doing the translation process, because a Universitas Sumatera Utara 8 mistake in one stage can bring another mistake in the next stages. And if that happen, the translation product will contain of tranlation error. There are 3 stages in translation process , they are 1 analyze the source language text, 2 Transeferring ideas or information, 3 restructuring Suryawininata in Nababan, 2000:25. As it described in this diagram below: Diagram 1. Translation Process Suryawininata in Nababan, 2000:25 1. Analyzing Source Text Every single translation activity always started with analyzing the source text ST. Analyzing ST is done by reading the ST in order to gain and comprehend the ideas from the text.The ideas comprehension incoherence with the linguistics and extra-linguistics elements which exist in the text.Linguistics elements refer to the elements which deal with language and the extra-linguistics elements refer to the elements that exist beyond the language, such as the sociocultural context of the ST. Universitas Sumatera Utara 9 In analyzing the linguistics elements, the text was analyzed at all level such as in the level of sentence, clause, phrase and word. By doing the translator can fully comprehend the ideas from the ST. 2. Transferring Ideas After the translator can comprehend the ideas and the structure of the ST, then he can gain the meaning from the ST. The next thing to do is to transfer the meaning from the ST into TT. In this step the translator has to find the equivalent of the ST in TT. This process happens in the translator mind Nababan called it as proses batin. 3. Restructuring The last step is restructuring. After finding the equivalent of ST, the translator reconstruct it in the form of target language TL becoming TT. In this step, we must decide what style that suits best to the text and the readers.

2.3. Types of Translation