Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium Vivax in the Indonesian Archipelago

119 Sekretariat Perizinan Penelitian Asing Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi DIREKTORI PENELITIAN ASING DI INDONESIA 2013

68.7 Ms. Victoria Millicent Hosford

Warga Negara : Amerika Serikat Jabatan : Graduate Student Institusi : San Diego State University No. SIP : 186SIPFRPSMVI2013

68.8 Mrs. Sara Elizabeth Simmonds

Warga Negara : Amerika Serikat Jabatan : Ph.D. Student Institusi : University of California, Los Angeles No. SIP : 187SIPFRPSMVI2013

68.9 Mr. Shang- Yin Liu

Warga Negara : Republik China Jabatan : Postdoktoral Researcher Institusi : Departement of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA No. SIP : 272SIPFRPSMVII2013

69. Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium Vivax in the Indonesian Archipelago

Tujuan Penelitian : Memahami berbagai jenis parasit Malaria dan transmisinya serta mengidentiikasi jalur-jalur kunci penyebarannya antar daerah Bidang Penelitian : Biologi Molekuler Daerah Penelitian : DKI Jakarta The Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology Lama Penelitian : tiga bulan mulai 16 September 2013 Mitra Kerja : Lembaga Biologi Eijkman Dr Rintis Noviyanti 120 Sekretariat Perizinan Penelitian Asing Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi DIREKTORI PENELITIAN ASING DI INDONESIA 2013 Abstrak Malaria continues to pose a major public health burden in Indonesia, with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax presenting the greatest contribution to morbidity and mortality. Renewed eforts to contain P. vivax have been made in recent years due to increasing evidence of severe and life- threatening P. vivax infection, and rising levels of resistance to the widely used antimalarial drug chloroquine. A number of factors, however, including the early development of the transmissible gametocyte stages, the ability of the parasite to lie dormant in the liver for weeks to months, and the varying levels of malaria endemicity throughout the Indonesian Archipelago greatly challenge P. vivax elimination eforts in Indonesia. In eforts to achieve malaria elimination, it is essential to understand the variation in parasite diversity and transmission, and to identify the key routes of parasite spread across the region. This can be achieved through developing a population genetic metrics to deine various features of malaria transmission; an approach that has been supported by the Indonesian Ministry of Health decree No. 293 MENKESSKIV2009 on the importance of parasite genotyping for epidemiology surveillance in malaria elimination eforts. Through various study sites in Indonesia, Dr Rintis Noviyanti and her team at the Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology have developed a microsatellite-based genotyping system and database resource for population genetic analyses of malaria parasites. This study will undertake genotyping of P. vivax isolates from several regions of Indonesia to assess the variation in parasite diversity and transmission dynamics between regions. In addition, the study will entail comparison of the diversity of infections from clinical and asymptomatic individuals with varying life cycle stages and parasite density to determine whether these groups present distinct parasite sup-populations with difering transmission dynamics. The results of this study will add to a detailed map of Plasmodium vivax diversity in the Indonesian archipelago. With appropriate molecular datasets on the parasite, the population genetic metrics at the Eijkman Institute can be used to deine various features of transmission at a local level, enabling optimization of strategic malaria control activities in Indonesia. 121 Sekretariat Perizinan Penelitian Asing Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi DIREKTORI PENELITIAN ASING DI INDONESIA 2013

69.1 Ms. Zuleima Pava Imitola