Mr. Paritosha Kobbe Bidang ANTROPOLOGI BUDAYA

14 Sekretariat Perizinan Penelitian Asing Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi DIREKTORI PENELITIAN ASING DI INDONESIA 2013 Minangkabau society in particular has been explored in categories of kinship with a strong interest in their matrilineal organization. This study aims to give a new perspective on social relationship, taking into account Minangkabau in West Sumatra and the Minangkabau diaspora in Central Java. It will raise the question how cultural concepts of mutual assistance evolve during migration and in diferent cultural as well as socio-economic circumstances. On one side there is the “traditional” setting of the countryside in West Sumatra, where economy mainly depends on agriculture and small trade. On the other side there is a “modern” setting as represented by the city of Yogyakarta. The focus will be put on well-educated persons from the ields of academia and commerce. This study will raise the question if people within this “modern” setting refer to traditional conceptions of mutual assistance. One aim of the research will be to identify and analyse the cultural ties of social relationships and social networks in Minangkabau communities in diferent locations and socio-economic positions. The cultural basis of social integration in Minangkabau communities will be examined by ways of an ethnographic approach encompassing nine to ten months of ieldwork on Java and West Sumatra, namely in the cities of Yogyakarta, Padang and Bukittinggi as well as their rural surroundings.

4.1 Mr. Paritosha Kobbe

Warga Negara : Jerman Posisi : Ph.D. Student Instutusi : Departement of Social an Cultural Antrhropology, University of Freiburg No. SIP : 270SIPFRPSMVII2013 5. The adaptive nature of culture. A cross-cultural analysis of the returns of Local Environmental Knowledge in three native societies Tujuan Penelitian : Menguji bagaimana pengetahuan budaya dapat membentuk strategi adaptasi manusia dalam kerangka budaya yang berbeda 15 Sekretariat Perizinan Penelitian Asing Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi DIREKTORI PENELITIAN ASING DI INDONESIA 2013 Bidang Penelitian : Antropologi Daerah Penellitian : Kaltim Malinau Lama Penelitian : 12 dua belas bulan mulai 2 Februari 2013 Mitra Kerja : Fakultas Ekonomi UI Rasi L.E. Napitupulu Abstrak Researchers debate the role of culture in shaping human adaptive strategy. Some researchers suggest that the behavioural adaptations that explain the success of our species are partially cultural, i.e., cumulative and transmitted by social learning. Others ind that cultural knowledge has often resulted in maladaptive practices leading to loss of technologies and societies’ collapse. Despite the importance of the debate, we lack empirical, comparative, research on the potential mechanisms through which culture might shape human adaptation. In this research, we will collect real world data to test a pathway through which cultural knowledge might enhance human adaptive strategy: the individual returns to culturally evolved and environment speciic knowledge. We will collect six sets of comparable panel data in three foraging societies: the Tsimane’ Amazon, the Baka Congo Basin, and the Penan Borneo. We will use a culturally-speciic but cross-culturally comparative method to assess individual local knowledge explicit and tacit related to 1 wild edibles; 2 medicine; 3 agriculture; and 4 weather forecast. We will analyze data using instrumental variables to get rigorous estimates of the returns to knowledge on aown and ofsprings health and b nutritional status, and c farming and d foraging productivity. Data would allow us to make generalizations on 1 the returns to local environmental knowledge and 2 the conditions under which locally developed knowledge is adaptive or ceases to be so. The ground-breaking nature of this study lies in its explicit attempt to use empirical data and a cross-cultural framework to provide a irst empirical test of the adaptive nature of culturally transmitted information, and to do so by linking cultural knowledge to individual outcomes. 16 Sekretariat Perizinan Penelitian Asing Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi DIREKTORI PENELITIAN ASING DI INDONESIA 2013

5.1 Mr. Maximilien Lionel Andre Gueze