Understanding and Managing the Resilience of Coral Reefs and Associated Social Systems

91 Sekretariat Perizinan Penelitian Asing Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi DIREKTORI PENELITIAN ASING DI INDONESIA 2013 Abstrak Restoration of natural ecosystem services is pivotal to promote sustainability in agriculture. Besides, ants and bees provide ecosystem services as pollinators, while in arid environment, the presence of ants and termites reportedly increased the crop yield to 36There are a series of publication concerning the consequences upon agricultural intensiication. Considering large-scale plantations of oil palm, Acacia mangium, teak, cofee, tea, sugarcane, and cassava in Southeast Asia, it is ironically that the information on termite and ant communities associated with agricultural intensiication and urbanization, is relatively rare.

54.1 Dr. Neoh Kok Boon

Warga Negara : Malaysia Jabatan : Postdoctoral Research Fellow Institusi : Center for Souteast Asian Studies, Kyoto University No. SIP : 75EXTSIPFRPSMIX2013

55. Understanding and Managing the Resilience of Coral Reefs and Associated Social Systems

Tujuan Penelitian : Mengukur struktur, dinamika, dan perbedaan populasi genetika serta spesies-spesies yang penting secara ekologis dan komersil di habitat pesisir Bidang Penelitian : Biologi Kelautan Daerah Penelitian : Sulsel Kep. Spermonde, NTT Laut Sawu Lama Penelitain : 12 dua belas bulan mulai 5 Februari 2013 Mitra Kerja : Fakultas Biologi Unsoed Dr. Agus Nuryanto Abstrak Research objectives: In this subproject, the genetic population structures, dynamics, and diversities of commercially andor ecologically important species 92 Sekretariat Perizinan Penelitian Asing Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi DIREKTORI PENELITIAN ASING DI INDONESIA 2013 of diferently utilised and exploited coral reefs in Indonesia will be measured, to add baseline data for a comprehensive picture of the state, resilience, and management needs of each species and the ecosystem as a whole. 1 Genetic diversity and connectivity of ecologically and economically relevant species of coral reefs in the Spermonde Archipelago and the Savu Sea. 2 Contributing baseline data for the assessment of the state of the studied ecosystems, and management and conservation implications, like design and management of Marine Protected Areas MPAMPA networks, considering social economic networks existing in the research area. 3 Capacity building: introducing to and supervising the use of widely applicable molecular techniques, such as PCR, sequencing, and genotyping to Indonesian guest scientists and students. Description of study ield: The study ield of the subproject 2 in Topic 3 is molecular ecology, concerned with population genetic analyses, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic diversities, among others. Through genetic analyses, information about populations, like the connectivity between areas and the level of diversity of all kinds of organisms can be gathered, necessary for estimating the status and management needs of certain species or functional groups in an ecosystem, for efective conservation eforts and possibly the sustainable use of resources. Research material or object to be investigated: Coral reef associated species of diferent taxonomic and functional groups see Table 1 are investigated in two regions of Indonesia, the Spermonde archipelago South Sulawesi and the Savu Sea between the islands Timor, Sumba, Alor, Flores and Sawu, that have a commercial value or an important role in reef ecology. Groups of interest include stony corals as reef engineers, holothurians as economically and ecologically important components, groupers as valuable resource for the life food ish market, as well as sea urchins, which might take an important part in the ecological balance of coral and algae in the reefs.The material needed for the genetic based analyses are small tissue samples 1cm², extracted from life or dead individuals, stored in Ethanol 70. Research approach or methods: For the genetic analyses of the population structure and diversity in the study area, DNA from a representative number of individuals from locations of interest, usually from various geographic areas e.g. shelf regions 93 Sekretariat Perizinan Penelitian Asing Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi DIREKTORI PENELITIAN ASING DI INDONESIA 2013 in Spermonde, is needed. Speciic genetic markers, representing small fragments of the organisms genome have to be ampliied and compared to ind diferences and similarities in the genetic composition to estimate relationships among the dataset and possible subsets on diferent hierarchical levels e.g. within and among populations and among groups of populations. With speciic computer programs probabilities of groupings, values of diferentiation between sites and genetic diversities are calculated and form a picture of connectivity and isolation between populations and geographic areas. The methods used for the lab work include diferent protocols of DNA extraction dependent on the source organism of the tissue sample, ampliication of suitable genetic markers through the polymerase chain reaction PCR, puriication of PCR products, sequencing and fragment length analysis.The computer programs usually used are among others Arlequin, FSTAT, DNASP, and STRUCTURE.

55.1 Prof. Dr. Marc Kochzius